MAH LLB 3 Year CET 1 April Shift 2 2026
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the question that follows:Nature has all along yielded to us, humans. First, we took nature's materials as food, fibers, and shelter. Then we learned to extract raw materials from her biosphere to create our own new synthetic materials. Now Bios is yielding us her mind; we are taking her logic.Clockwork logic, the logic of the machines, will only build simple contraptions. Truly complex systems such as a cell, a meadow, an economy, or a brain (natural or artificial) require a rigorous non-technological logic. We now see that no logic except bio-logic can assemble a thinking device, or even a workable system of any magnitude.It is an astounding discovery that one can extract the logic of Bios out of biology and have something useful. Although many philosophers in the past suspected one could abstract the laws of life and apply them elsewhere, it wasn't until the complexity of computers and human-made systems became as complicated as living things, that it was possible to prove this. It's eerie how much of life can be transferred. So far, some of the traits of the living that have successfully been transported to mechanical systems are: self-replication, self-governance, limited self-repair, mild evolution, and partial learning.We have reason to believe yet more can be synthesized and made into something new. Yet at the same time that the logic of Bios is being imported into machines, the logic of Technos is being imported into life. The root of bioengineering is the desire to control the organic long enough to improve it. Domesticated plants and animals are examples of technology applied to life. The wild aromatic root of the Queen Anne's lace weed has been fine-tuned over generations by selective herb gatherers until it has evolved into a sweet carrot of the garden; the udders of wild bovines have been selectively enlarged in a "unnatural" way to satisfy humans rather than calves. Milk cows and carrots, therefore, are human inventions as much as steam engines and gunpowder are. But milk cows and carrots are more indicative of the kind of inventions humans will make in the future: products that are grown rather than manufactured.Genetic engineering is precisely what cattle breeders do when they select better strains of Holsteins, only bioengineers employ more precise and powerful control. While carrot and milk cow breeders had to rely on diffuse organic evolution, modern genetic engineers can use directed artificial evolution, purposeful design, which greatly accelerates improvements.The overlap of the mechanical and the lifelike increases year by year. Part of this bionic convergence is a matter of words. The meanings of "mechanical" and "life" are both stretching until all complicated things can be perceived as machines, and all self-sustaining machines can be perceived as alive.Yet beyond semantics, two concrete trends are happening: (1) Human-made things are behaving more lifelike, and (2) Life is becoming more engineered. The apparent veil between the organic and the manufactured has crumpled to reveal that the two really are, and have always been, of one being.What can "Holsteins" mean in context of the given passage?
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Answer: Option A — Dairy Cattle
Detailed Solution
The passage says cattle breeders 'select better strains of Holsteins', right after discussing milk cows, so Holsteins are dairy cattle.
Holstein-Friesian is in fact the world's highest-milk-yielding dairy breed.
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Reading Comprehension — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Reading Comprehension, a key topic in the English Language section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
Reading comprehension (RC) questions give a passage followed by questions that test how well you understood it. Question types include the main idea or title of the passage, specific details, inferences, the author's tone and purpose, and the meaning of words as used in the passage. Passages cover topics such as the economy, science, environment, society and history. A good approach is to read the questions quickly first so you know what to look for, then read the passage actively, noting the main point of each paragraph. Answer only from what the passage says or clearly implies, never from outside knowledge. For inference questions, the right answer is supported by the passage even though it isn't stated directly. Options that are too extreme or go beyond the passage are usually wrong. Regular reading of newspapers and editorials is the best long-term preparation. Practise the reading comprehension passages below. Every question has an explanation pointing to the relevant line in the passage.