UPSSSC PET 2026 Last Minute Revisionयूपीएसएसएससी पेट — अंतिम समय का रिवीजन

Short timed tests from previous PET papers — take one after revising a section.

• UPSSSC PET: Current Affairs – Latest PYP Mini Test20 questions · Start ›
• UPSSSC PET: GA/GK – Latest PYP Mini Test20 questions · Start ›
• UPSSSC PET: General Hindi (सामान्य हिन्दी) – Latest PYP Mini Test20 questions · Start ›
• UPSSSC PET: Data Interpretation – Latest PYP Mini Test20 questions · Start ›
• UPSSSC PET: Quantitative Aptitude – Latest PYP Mini Test20 questions · Start ›
• UPSSSC PET: Reasoning & English – Latest PYP Mini Test20 questions · Start ›

Harappa / Mohenjo-daro

Discovered 1921 (Daya Ram Sahni) / 1922 (R.D. Banerji). Great Bath — Mohenjo-daro; dockyard — Lothal (Gujarat)

Rigveda

Oldest Veda; Gayatri Mantra is in it. "Satyameva Jayate" comes from the Mundaka Upanishad

Gautam Buddha

Born Lumbini · enlightenment Bodh Gaya · first sermon Sarnath (UP) · mahaparinirvana Kushinagar (UP)

Mahavira

24th Jain Tirthankara · born Kundagram (Vaishali) · died Pavapuri

Mauryas

Chandragupta Maurya (guru Kautilya — Arthashastra); Megasthenes wrote Indica; Ashoka turned to Buddhism after the Kalinga war

Sarnath Lion Capital

Ashokan pillar — adopted as India's national emblem

Guptas

Samudragupta — Prayag Prashasti by Harisena, called "Napoleon of India"; Chandragupta II Vikramaditya — Fa-Hien visited; Kalidasa

Harshavardhana

Capital Kannauj; Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang

Delhi Sultanate

Founded 1206 by Qutbuddin Aibak; Alauddin Khalji — market reforms; Muhammad bin Tughlaq — token currency, capital to Daulatabad

First Battle of Panipat (1526)

Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi — Mughal rule begins

Second Battle of Panipat (1556)

Akbar (Bairam Khan) defeated Hemu

Third Battle of Panipat (1761)

Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas

Akbar

Din-i-Ilahi (1582); Fatehpur Sikri and Buland Darwaza; Akbarnama by Abul Fazl

Shivaji

Coronation at Raigad, 1674

Plassey 1757 / Buxar 1764

British power established in Bengal

Revolt of 1857

Began Meerut, 10 May 1857. Lucknow — Begum Hazrat Mahal; Kanpur — Nana Saheb; Jhansi — Rani Lakshmibai; Bareilly — Khan Bahadur Khan; Delhi — Bahadur Shah Zafar

Indian National Congress

Founded 1885 by A.O. Hume; first session Bombay, president W.C. Bonnerjee

Partition of Bengal

1905 (Lord Curzon) → Swadeshi movement; annulled 1911

Muslim League

1906, Dhaka

Gandhi in India

Returned 9 January 1915; Champaran 1917, Kheda 1918, Ahmedabad mill strike 1918

Jallianwala Bagh

13 April 1919, Amritsar — after the Rowlatt Act

Non-Cooperation Movement

1920; withdrawn after Chauri Chaura (Gorakhpur, UP), 5 February 1922

Kakori train action

9 August 1925 (UP) — Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan

Simon Commission

1928 — "Simon Go Back"; Lala Lajpat Rai injured in the lathi charge

Purna Swaraj

Lahore session 1929 (president Jawaharlal Nehru); 26 January 1930 celebrated as Independence Day

Dandi March

12 March – 6 April 1930 → Civil Disobedience Movement

Poona Pact

1932, Gandhi – Ambedkar

Government of India Act 1935

Provincial autonomy, Federal Court

Quit India Movement

8 August 1942, Bombay — "Do or Die"

Azad Hind Fauj

Subhas Chandra Bose — "Delhi Chalo", "Tum mujhe khoon do…"; Azad Hind government formed in Singapore, 21 October 1943

Mountbatten Plan

3 June 1947 — partition and independence

India's area

32,87,263 km² — about 2.4% of the world's land area

Standard meridian

82°30′ E, passes through Mirzapur (UP). IST = GMT + 5:30

Tropic of Cancer

Passes through 8 Indian states

Largest state

By area — Rajasthan; by population — Uttar Pradesh (Census 2011)

Ganga

Longest river of India; Bhagirathi + Alaknanda meet at Devprayag; Yamuna joins at Prayagraj (Sangam)

West-flowing rivers

Narmada and Tapi — flow through rift valleys into the Arabian Sea

Lakes

Largest freshwater — Wular (J&K); largest saltwater — Sambhar (Rajasthan); largest lagoon — Chilika (Odisha)

Soils

Alluvial — most widespread; black (regur) soil — best for cotton

Neighbours

Longest land border with Bangladesh; Sri Lanka and Maldives are maritime neighbours

World

Largest ocean — Pacific; longest river — Nile; largest hot desert — Sahara; highest peak — Everest (8,848.86 m)

Constituent Assembly

First met 9 December 1946; president Dr Rajendra Prasad; Drafting Committee chairman Dr B.R. Ambedkar

Adopted / in force

26 November 1949 (Constitution Day) / 26 January 1950

Preamble

Amended once — 42nd Amendment (1976) added Socialist, Secular, Integrity

Fundamental Rights

Part III, Articles 12–35. Art 14 equality · Art 17 untouchability abolished · Art 21 life and liberty · Art 21A education (86th Amendment)

Article 32

Constitutional remedies — Ambedkar called it the "heart and soul" of the Constitution

DPSP

Part IV, Articles 36–51

Fundamental Duties

Part IV-A, Article 51A — added by the 42nd Amendment (Swaran Singh Committee); now 11

Emergency

Art 352 national · Art 356 President's rule in a state · Art 360 financial

Amendment

Article 368

Money Bill

Article 110 — the Lok Sabha Speaker certifies it

Parliament

Rajya Sabha chairman — Vice-President; up to 12 members nominated by the President

Panchayati Raj

73rd Amendment 1992 — Part IX, 11th Schedule (29 subjects). Urban bodies: 74th — Part IX-A, 12th Schedule (18 subjects)

Three-tier panchayat

Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957); first started at Nagaur, Rajasthan, 2 October 1959

Courts

Supreme Court — Art 124; High Courts — Art 214. Allahabad High Court sits at Prayagraj with a bench at Lucknow

Uttar Pradesh in numbers

Lok Sabha 80 · Rajya Sabha 31 · Vidhan Sabha 403 · Vidhan Parishad 100

Planning Commission

Set up 15 March 1950; replaced by NITI Aayog on 1 January 2015

Five-Year Plans

1st (1951–56) — agriculture; 2nd (1956–61) — industry, Mahalanobis model

Green Revolution

1960s — M.S. Swaminathan in India (Norman Borlaug worldwide)

Operation Flood

1970 — Verghese Kurien, NDDB; the White Revolution (milk)

Bank nationalisation

14 banks in 1969, 6 more in 1980

RBI

Established 1 April 1935; nationalised 1949; HQ Mumbai

1991 reforms (LPG)

PM P.V. Narasimha Rao, Finance Minister Dr Manmohan Singh

GST

In force 1 July 2017 — 101st Amendment (2016); GST Council under Art 279A

Revolutions

Yellow — oilseeds · Blue — fish · Golden — horticulture · Silver — eggs · Round — potato

Schemes

MGNREGA 2005 · Jan Dhan 2014 · Make in India 2014 · PM-KISAN 2019 (₹6,000 a year)

SI units

Force — newton · work/energy — joule · power — watt · pressure — pascal · frequency — hertz · resistance — ohm

Light and sound

Speed of light $\approx 3\times 10^8$ m/s; sound travels fastest in solids, cannot travel in a vacuum

Natural acids

Vinegar — acetic · lemon — citric · curd — lactic · ant sting — formic · tomato — oxalic · stomach — hydrochloric

pH

7 neutral, below 7 acidic, above 7 basic; human blood ≈ 7.4

Common compounds

Common salt $\mathrm{NaCl}$baking soda $\mathrm{NaHC}{\mathrm{O}}_3$washing soda $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{a}}_2\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_3\cdot 10{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$bleaching powder $\mathrm{CaOC}{\mathrm{l}}_2$plaster of Paris $\mathrm{CaS}{\mathrm{O}}_4\cdot \frac{1}{2}{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$

Air

Nitrogen ≈ 78%, oxygen ≈ 21%

Vitamin deficiency

A — night blindness · B1 — beriberi · C — scurvy · D — rickets · K — blood does not clot

Human body

Largest gland — liver · smallest bone — stapes (ear) · RBC life ≈ 120 days

Blood groups

Universal donor — O negative; universal recipient — AB positive

Cell

Mitochondria — powerhouse of the cell; chloroplast — photosynthesis

Fractions ↔ %

$\frac{1}{2}=50\%$$\frac{1}{3}=33.33\%$$\frac{1}{4}=25\%$$\frac{1}{5}=20\%$$\frac{1}{6}=16.67\%$$\frac{1}{8}=12.5\%$$\frac{1}{12}=8.33\%$$\frac{3}{8}=37.5\%$$\frac{5}{8}=62.5\%$

Successive % change

$a\%$ then $b\%$ → net change $=a+b+\frac{ab}{100}\%$ (use minus signs for decreases)

Price ↑ r%, keep spend same

Cut consumption by $\frac{r}{100+r}\times 100\%$

x% of y

$x\%\text{of}y=y\%\text{of}x$ — e.g. $16\%\text{of}25=25\%\text{of}16=4$

Sums

$1+2+\cdots +n=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}$average of the first $n$ natural numbers $=\frac{n+1}{2}$

Squares 11–25

121, 144, 169, 196, 225, 256, 289, 324, 361, 400, 441, 484, 529, 576, 625

Exponents

$a^m\times a^n=a^{m+n}$$a^m÷a^n=a^{m-n}$$(a^m{)}^n=a^{mn}$$a^0=1$$a^{-n}=\frac{1}{a^n}$

Divisibility

3/9 — digit sum divisible · 4 — last two digits · 8 — last three digits · 11 — (odd-place sum − even-place sum) is 0 or a multiple of 11

Order of operations

BODMAS — brackets, of, division, multiplication, addition, subtraction

• Graph & table questions (20 marks): read the units and the footnote first; most answers are a % change, a ratio or an average.
• $\%\text{change}=\frac{\text{new}-\text{old}}{\text{old}}\times 100$. Approximate the numbers and pick the closest option — exact working wastes time.
• Answer all 5 questions of one table before moving on — you only read the data once.

Odd days

Ordinary year = 1, leap year = 2; 100 years = 5, 200 = 3, 300 = 1, 400 = 0

Leap year

Divisible by 4; a century year only if divisible by 400 (1900 no, 2000 yes)

Clock angle

$\theta =|30H-5.5M{|}^{\circ }$ (H = hour, M = minutes)

Clock hands in a day

Coincide 22 times · opposite 22 times · at right angles 44 times

Letter positions

EJOTY = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25; a letter and its opposite add up to 27 (A–Z, B–Y …)

Directions

In the morning a shadow falls to the west; in the evening, to the east

Cause and effect

The event that happens first and leads to the other is the cause; two results of one situation are effects of a common cause

Course of action

Accept actions that are practical and solve or reduce the problem; reject extreme ones (ban, shut down, punish without inquiry)

दीर्घ संधि

विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय

गुण संधि

महा + इंद्र = महेंद्र

वृद्धि संधि

सदा + एव = सदैव

यण संधि

इति + आदि = इत्यादि

अयादि संधि

ने + अन = नयन

व्यंजन संधि

जगत् + नाथ = जगन्नाथ · सत् + जन = सज्जन

विसर्ग संधि

मनः + योग = मनोयोग · निः + चल = निश्चल

विलोम

आस्तिक–नास्तिक · कृतज्ञ–कृतघ्न · सुगम–दुर्गम · उत्कर्ष–अपकर्ष · आयात–निर्यात · साकार–निराकार · अनुराग–विराग

पर्यायवाची

सूर्य — रवि, दिनकर, भास्कर · जल — नीर, वारि, अंबु · कमल — पंकज, जलज, सरोज · पृथ्वी — धरा, वसुधा, मही · अग्नि — अनल, पावक

एक शब्द

जिसका कोई शत्रु न हो — अजातशत्रु · जो पहले कभी न हुआ हो — अभूतपूर्व · जिसे जीता न जा सके — अजेय · जो सब कुछ जानता हो — सर्वज्ञ · कम बोलने वाला — मितभाषी

मुहावरे

अंगूठा दिखाना — इनकार करना · आँखों का तारा — बहुत प्यारा · ईद का चाँद होना — बहुत दिनों बाद दिखना · नौ दो ग्यारह होना — भाग जाना · दाँत खट्टे करना — हराना

रचना — रचनाकार

रामचरितमानस — तुलसीदास · सूरसागर — सूरदास · पद्मावत — जायसी · बीजक — कबीर · कामायनी — जयशंकर प्रसाद · साकेत — मैथिलीशरण गुप्त · गोदान — प्रेमचंद · उर्वशी — दिनकर · यामा — महादेवी वर्मा · मधुशाला — हरिवंशराय बच्चन

• अपठित गद्यांश (10 अंक): पहले प्रश्न पढ़ें, फिर गद्यांश — उत्तर लगभग हमेशा गद्यांश के शब्दों में ही होता है।
• "शीर्षक" वाले प्रश्न में वह विकल्प चुनें जो पूरे गद्यांश को समेटे, किसी एक पंक्ति को नहीं।

• Each / every / either / neither + singular verb: "Each of the boys has a book."
• One of the + plural noun + singular verb: "One of my friends is a doctor."
• "The number of … is" but "A number of … are".
• Neither … nor / either … or: the verb agrees with the nearer subject.
• Always plural: scissors, trousers, spectacles, cattle. Always singular: news, mathematics, information, furniture.
• No sooner … than · hardly / scarcely … when · lest … should.
• Superior, inferior, senior, junior, prefer → "to", never "than".
• Since + point of time (since 2020); for + period (for two years).
• "An" goes by sound: an hour, an honest man, an MLA — but a university, a European, a one-rupee coin.
• Passage questions: answer only from the passage, not from your own knowledge.

UN bodies

UN, UNICEF — New York · WHO, WTO, ILO — Geneva · UNESCO — Paris · FAO — Rome · IMF, World Bank — Washington DC

Other HQs

IOC — Lausanne · FIFA — Zurich · ICC — Dubai · Interpol — Lyon · SAARC — Kathmandu · ASEAN — Jakarta · OPEC — Vienna

Indian bodies

ISRO — Bengaluru · RBI, SEBI, BARC — Mumbai · NITI Aayog — New Delhi

Research centres in UP

Lucknow — CDRI (drugs), NBRI (botany), CIMAP (medicinal & aromatic plants), Sugarcane Research Institute · Kanpur — Pulses Research Institute · Varanasi — Vegetable Research Institute

Neighbours: capital — currency

Nepal — Kathmandu — Nepalese rupee · Bhutan — Thimphu — Ngultrum · Bangladesh — Dhaka — Taka · Myanmar — Naypyidaw — Kyat · Maldives — Malé — Rufiyaa · Pakistan — Islamabad — Pakistani rupee · Afghanistan — Kabul — Afghani · China — Beijing — Renminbi (Yuan)

January–March days

12 Jan National Youth Day · 24 Jan National Girl Child Day & UP Diwas · 25 Jan National Voters' Day · 30 Jan Martyrs' Day · 28 Feb National Science Day · 8 Mar Women's Day · 22 Mar World Water Day

April–September days

7 Apr World Health Day · 22 Apr Earth Day · 5 Jun World Environment Day · 21 Jun International Yoga Day · 11 Jul World Population Day · 29 Aug National Sports Day · 5 Sep Teachers' Day · 14 Sep Hindi Diwas

October–December days

2 Oct Gandhi Jayanti · 31 Oct National Unity Day · 14 Nov Children's Day · 26 Nov Constitution Day · 10 Dec Human Rights Day

Players per side

Volleyball 6 · basketball 5 · kabaddi 7 · kho-kho 9 · hockey and football 11 · polo 4

Firsts in awards

Bharat Ratna 1954 — C. Rajagopalachari, S. Radhakrishnan, C.V. Raman · Jnanpith 1965 — G. Sankara Kurup · Dadasaheb Phalke 1969 — Devika Rani

Books

Gitanjali — Tagore (Nobel 1913) · Discovery of India — Nehru · My Experiments with Truth — Gandhi · Wings of Fire — A.P.J. Abdul Kalam · Anandmath — Bankim Chandra Chatterjee

Environment

Ramsar 1971 (wetlands) · Montreal Protocol 1987 (ozone) · Earth Summit, Rio 1992 · Kyoto Protocol 1997 · Paris Agreement 2015 · Project Tiger 1973 · Wildlife Protection Act 1972 · Environment Protection Act 1986

Uttar Pradesh

Named on 24 January 1950 · 75 districts, 18 divisions · capital Lucknow · state bird sarus crane · state animal barasingha · Dudhwa National Park (Lakhimpur Kheri) · classical dance Kathak