SSC
Which Part of the Indian Constitution deals with the Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas?
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Answer: Option A — Part X
Detailed Solution
Part X of the Constitution deals with the Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas.
What Part X contains:
- It has only two Articles, which deal with the administration of the Scheduled Areas and the Tribal Areas, and with the formation of an autonomous state within Assam (later used to create Meghalaya).
- It provides that the administration of these areas shall be governed by special provisions contained in the Schedules of the Constitution.
Scheduled Areas:
- These are areas with a large tribal population, declared as such by the President.
- They are found in several states, such as Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha and Rajasthan.
- In these areas, the Governor has special powers to make regulations for peace and good government, and can direct that any law of Parliament or the state legislature shall not apply or shall apply with modifications.
- A Tribes Advisory Council is set up in each state having Scheduled Areas, to advise on the welfare of the Scheduled Tribes.
Tribal Areas:
- These are certain tribal areas in some states of the north-east, which are administered as autonomous districts.
- They have Autonomous District Councils, which can make laws on certain subjects, such as land, forests, inheritance, marriage and social customs, and can collect certain taxes.
Why special provisions:
- The tribal people have distinct cultures, customs and ways of life.
- They were often exploited by outsiders, such as moneylenders, traders and landlords, and lost their land.
- The special provisions aim to protect their land, culture and self-government, and to promote their development.
Related laws:
- The Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA) gives special powers to the gram sabhas in Scheduled Areas.
- The Forest Rights Act, 2006, recognises the rights of forest-dwelling communities over forest land and resources.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Part IX deals with the Panchayats; Part XIV with the Services under the Union and the States; Part XVIII with the Emergency provisions.
Quick tip
Remember: Part X = Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas; PESA Act (1996) for gram sabhas in Scheduled Areas.
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Important Articles & Schedules — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Important Articles & Schedules, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers the important articles of the Constitution that exams test most often, the parts of the Constitution, and the twelve schedules, such as the Seventh Schedule (Union, State and Concurrent Lists), the Eighth Schedule (languages) and the Tenth Schedule (anti-defection law). Questions directly ask which article or schedule deals with a subject, so make a table and revise it often. High-frequency examples include Article 112 (annual financial statement), Article 280 (Finance Commission), Article 324 (Election Commission) and Article 368 (amendment procedure). Remember that the Ninth Schedule was added by the 1st Amendment in 1951. Practise the important articles and schedules questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.