The 'Dvaita' (dualism) school of Vedanta philosophy is associated with:

The "Dvaita" (dualism) school of Vedanta philosophy was founded by Madhvacharya (Madhva) in the 13th century CE.

About Madhvacharya:

• He lived from about 1238 to 1317 CE (traditional dates).
• He was born at Pajaka, near Udupi, in the Udupi district of Karnataka.
• His original name was Vasudeva; he took the name Ananda Tirtha after becoming a sannyasi.
• He was a devotee of Vishnu (Krishna).
• He established the famous Krishna temple (Udupi Sri Krishna Matha) at Udupi, and eight mathas (the "Ashta Mathas") to manage its worship.
• He wrote 37 works, including commentaries on the Brahma Sutras, the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita.

The Dvaita philosophy:

• "Dvaita" means "dualism".
• It holds that God (Vishnu) and the individual souls (jivas) are completely and eternally different.
• It describes five eternal differences ("pancha-bheda"): between God and souls, God and matter, soul and soul, soul and matter, and matter and matter.
• God (Vishnu) is the supreme, independent reality; souls and matter are dependent on him.
• Liberation (moksha) is achieved through devotion (bhakti) to Vishnu and his grace.
• The world is real, not an illusion.
• It was a reaction against the Advaita (non-dualism) philosophy of Shankaracharya.

The Haridasa movement:

Madhva's teachings inspired the "Haridasa" movement in Karnataka, with saint-composers such as Purandara Dasa (called the "Father of Carnatic Music") and Kanaka Dasa.

Schools of Vedanta:

• "Advaita" (non-dualism): Adi Shankaracharya.
• "Vishishtadvaita" (qualified non-dualism): Ramanujacharya.
• "Dvaita" (dualism): Madhvacharya.
• "Shuddhadvaita" (pure non-dualism): Vallabhacharya.
• "Achintya Bhedabheda" (inconceivable difference and non-difference): Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.

Why not the other options?

• ✗Shankaracharya taught Advaita.
• ✗Ramanujacharya taught Vishishtadvaita.
• ✗Vallabhacharya taught Shuddhadvaita.