Question 11 of 75 · Buddhism & Jainism
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Lord Mahavira attained nirvana (salvation) at:

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Answer: Option D — Pawapuri (Bihar)

Detailed Solution

Lord Mahavira attained nirvana (moksha) at Pawapuri (Pavapuri), in the Nalanda district of Bihar.

About Mahavira's nirvana:

  • According to Jain tradition, it took place in 527 BCE, at the age of 72 (some historians suggest a later date, around 468 BCE).
  • It happened on the night of the new moon of the month of Kartika.
  • Jains celebrate this event on Diwali, which is therefore also the Jain New Year; lamps are lit to remember the "light of knowledge" that left the world.
  • Mahavira's chief disciple, Gautama (Indrabhuti), attained kevala jnana on the same night, according to tradition.
  • At the time, Mahavira was in the house (or the "rajjuka-sabha") of King Hastipala in Pavapuri.

Jain sites at Pawapuri:

  • "Jal Mandir": a white marble temple built in the middle of a lotus-filled pond, on the spot where Mahavira's body is believed to have been cremated.
  • According to legend, so many people took a pinch of soil from the place of cremation that a pond formed there.
  • The temple is reached by a long bridge.
  • "Gaon Mandir": the temple in the village, believed to mark the place where Mahavira died.
  • Pawapuri is one of the most important pilgrimage centres for Jains.

Important places in Mahavira's life:

  • Kevala jnana: near Jrimbhikagrama, on the banks of the Rijupalika river.
  • Nirvana: Pawapuri (Bihar).

Jain nirvana places of other Tirthankaras:

Most Tirthankaras attained nirvana at Sammed Shikhar (Parasnath hill) in Jharkhand.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗Kushinagar is an important Buddhist site.
  • ✗Sarnath is where the Buddha gave his first sermon.
  • ✗Champa is associated with another Tirthankara.

Quick tip

Remember: Mahavira's nirvana = Pawapuri (Nalanda district, Bihar), 527 BCE (traditional), on Diwali; Jal Mandir; most Tirthankaras = nirvana at Sammed Shikhar (Jharkhand).

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Buddhism & Jainism — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Buddhism & Jainism, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

Buddhism and Jainism arose in the 6th century BCE as reform movements. This topic covers the lives and teachings of Gautama Buddha and Mahavira, the Jain tirthankaras, the Buddhist councils, the sects of both religions, their sacred texts and the places linked to them. Common questions cover the four great events of the Buddha's life and their places (birth at Lumbini, enlightenment at Bodh Gaya, first sermon at Sarnath, death at Kushinagar), the four Buddhist councils with their kings and venues, and the Jain sects Digambara and Shvetambara. Learning the councils as a table of place, king and president is the fastest way to revise. Practise the Buddhism and Jainism questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.