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Right Faith (Samyak Darshana), Right Knowledge (Samyak Jnana) and Right Conduct (Samyak Charitra) are together known in Jainism as:
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Answer: Option A — Triratna (the three jewels)
Detailed Solution
In Jainism, Right Faith, Right Knowledge and Right Conduct are called the "Triratna" (three jewels), and together they form the path to liberation.
The three jewels:
- "Samyak Darshana" (Right Faith): belief in the teachings of the Tirthankaras and in the true nature of reality.
- "Samyak Jnana" (Right Knowledge): correct knowledge of the Jain principles, such as the nature of the soul, karma and the universe.
- "Samyak Charitra" (Right Conduct): living according to Jain principles, especially the vows of non-violence and non-attachment.
- According to Jain texts, all three must be followed together; none of them alone can lead to liberation.
- The opening sutra of the "Tattvartha Sutra" of Umasvati (or Umasvami) states: "Right faith, right knowledge and right conduct together constitute the path to liberation".
The goal of the Triratna:
- To free the soul (jiva) from the karma that binds it.
- To achieve "moksha" or "kaivalya", a state of infinite knowledge, perception, bliss and power.
Vows in Jainism:
- Monks and nuns follow the "Mahavratas" (great vows) strictly.
- Lay followers follow the "Anuvratas" (small vows), which are milder versions.
Other Jain concepts:
- "Anekantavada": the doctrine of many-sidedness of reality.
- "Ahimsa": non-violence to all living beings.
- "Aparigraha": non-possession.
The "three jewels" in Buddhism:
Buddhism also has a "Triratna" (three refuges), but its elements are different from those of Jainism.
Why not the other options?
- ✗"Pancha Mahavrata" are the great vows of monks.
- ✗"Anuvrata" are the small vows of lay people.
- ✗"Pancha Shila" refers to the five moral precepts of Buddhist lay followers.
Quick tip
Remember: Jain Triratna = Right Faith, Right Knowledge, Right Conduct (Tattvartha Sutra of Umasvati); Mahavratas for monks; Anuvratas for lay people.
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Buddhism & Jainism — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Buddhism & Jainism, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
Buddhism and Jainism arose in the 6th century BCE as reform movements. This topic covers the lives and teachings of Gautama Buddha and Mahavira, the Jain tirthankaras, the Buddhist councils, the sects of both religions, their sacred texts and the places linked to them. Common questions cover the four great events of the Buddha's life and their places (birth at Lumbini, enlightenment at Bodh Gaya, first sermon at Sarnath, death at Kushinagar), the four Buddhist councils with their kings and venues, and the Jain sects Digambara and Shvetambara. Learning the councils as a table of place, king and president is the fastest way to revise. Practise the Buddhism and Jainism questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.