Question 36 of 76 Ā· Buddhism & Jainism
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The rules made for the Buddhist Sangha (order of monks and nuns) are contained in the:

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Answer: Option B — Vinaya Pitaka

Detailed Solution

The rules and regulations for the Buddhist Sangha (the community of monks and nuns) are contained in the Vinaya Pitaka.

About the Vinaya Pitaka:

  • "Vinaya" means "discipline".
  • It contains the rules of conduct for monks and nuns, called the "Patimokkha" (227 rules for monks in the Theravada tradition, and more for nuns).
  • It also explains the circumstances in which each rule was made by the Buddha, through stories.
  • It describes the procedures for ordination (admission to the Sangha), the holding of meetings, the rainy-season retreat, and the settlement of disputes.
  • According to tradition, it was recited by the monk Upali at the first Buddhist council, held soon after the Buddha's death.

Rules of the Sangha (NCERT):

  • All persons could join the Sangha, but children had to have their parents' permission, and slaves their masters' permission.
  • Those who worked for the king had to take his permission, and debtors had to get the permission of their creditors.
  • Women needed the permission of their husbands.
  • Monks and nuns lived simple lives; they begged for food (and were called "bhikkhus" and "bhikkhunis").
  • The Sangha was governed by discussion and decisions were taken by consensus or by vote.

The Tipitaka (Three Baskets):

  • The Buddhist canon in Pali is called the "Tipitaka" (Tripitaka in Sanskrit).
  • It has three parts: the Vinaya Pitaka (rules), the Sutta Pitaka (discourses of the Buddha) and the Abhidhamma Pitaka (philosophical analysis).
  • They were transmitted orally for several centuries and written down in Sri Lanka in the 1st century BCE.

Why not the other options?

  • āœ—The Sutta Pitaka contains the Buddha's discourses.
  • āœ—The Abhidhamma Pitaka contains philosophical analysis.
  • āœ—The Jatakas are stories of the Buddha's previous births.

Quick tip

Remember: Vinaya Pitaka = rules of the Sangha (recited by Upali; Patimokkha); Sutta Pitaka = teachings; Abhidhamma Pitaka = philosophy; Tipitaka written down in Sri Lanka (1st century BCE).

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Buddhism & Jainism — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Buddhism & Jainism, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

Buddhism and Jainism arose in the 6th century BCE as reform movements. This topic covers the lives and teachings of Gautama Buddha and Mahavira, the Jain tirthankaras, the Buddhist councils, the sects of both religions, their sacred texts and the places linked to them. Common questions cover the four great events of the Buddha's life and their places (birth at Lumbini, enlightenment at Bodh Gaya, first sermon at Sarnath, death at Kushinagar), the four Buddhist councils with their kings and venues, and the Jain sects Digambara and Shvetambara. Learning the councils as a table of place, king and president is the fastest way to revise. Practise the Buddhism and Jainism questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.