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Question 34 of 38 · Centre-State Relations & Emergency Provisions
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The salaries and allowances of High Court judges are charged on the:

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Answer: Option A — Consolidated Fund of the State

Detailed Solution

The salaries and allowances of the judges of a High Court are charged on the Consolidated Fund of the state concerned, under Article 202(3)(d). Their pensions, however, are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.

Meaning of "charged" expenditure:

  • Charged expenditure is not subject to the vote of the legislature, although it can be discussed.
  • This protects the independence of the judiciary, because the legislature cannot reduce or withhold the salaries of judges.

Other expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of the State:

  • Salaries and allowances of the Governor.
  • Salaries of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Assembly, and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council.
  • Debt charges of the state.
  • Expenses required to satisfy court judgments.

Pensions of High Court judges:

Pensions of High Court judges are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India, under Article 112(3)(d)(iii).

Salaries of Supreme Court judges:

These are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.

Who determines salaries:

  • Salaries of High Court judges are determined by Parliament by law, under Article 221.
  • The High Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Act, 1954 governs their salaries and benefits.
  • Their salaries cannot be reduced to their disadvantage after appointment, except during a Financial Emergency.

Administrative expenses of High Courts:

These are also charged on the Consolidated Fund of the state.

Independence of the judiciary:

Other safeguards include security of tenure, a difficult removal procedure and restrictions on practice after retirement.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗The Consolidated Fund of India bears their pensions, not their salaries.
  • ✗The Contingency Fund is for unforeseen expenditure.
  • ✗The Public Account holds money that the government holds in trust.

Quick tip

Remember: High Court judges' salaries = Consolidated Fund of the State; pensions = Consolidated Fund of India.

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Centre-State Relations & Emergency Provisions — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Centre-State Relations & Emergency Provisions, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers the distribution of legislative, administrative and financial powers between the Centre and the states, the Union, State and Concurrent Lists, inter-state councils and zonal councils, and the three types of emergency: national emergency (Article 352), President's rule (Article 356) and financial emergency (Article 360). Exams ask which list a subject falls in, which commission examined Centre-state relations (the Sarkaria and Punchhi Commissions), and how often each type of emergency has been declared. Remember that a financial emergency has never been declared in India, and that 'armed rebellion' replaced 'internal disturbance' as a ground for national emergency through the 44th Amendment. Practise the Centre-state relations and emergency provisions questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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