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Question 25 of 38 · Centre-State Relations & Emergency Provisions
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While a proclamation of National Emergency is in operation, Parliament may by law extend the normal term of the Lok Sabha for a period not exceeding:

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Answer: Option D — One year at a time

Detailed Solution

Under the proviso to Article 83(2), while a proclamation of National Emergency is in operation, Parliament may by law extend the normal term of the Lok Sabha for a period not exceeding one year at a time.

Limits on the extension:

  • The extension can be made one year at a time, and it can be repeated as long as the emergency continues.
  • Once the emergency ends, the extension cannot continue beyond a period of six months after the proclamation has ceased to operate.
  • So elections must be held soon after the emergency is lifted.

Normal term of the Lok Sabha:

  • The Lok Sabha continues for five years from the date of its first meeting, unless it is dissolved earlier by the President.
  • At the end of five years, it is automatically dissolved.

The only time the term was extended:

  • During the internal emergency of the 1970s, the term of the fifth Lok Sabha, which was due to end in 1976, was extended by one year at a time through two laws.
  • The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 had also increased the normal term of the Lok Sabha from five years to six years.
  • The 44th Amendment Act, 1978 restored the term to five years.

State legislative assemblies:

A similar provision in Article 172 allows Parliament to extend the term of a state Legislative Assembly during a National Emergency, by one year at a time.

Effect of National Emergency on federalism:

Parliament can make laws on subjects in the State List.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗Six months is the limit after the emergency ends, not the length of each extension.
  • ✗Two years and three years are not provided in the Constitution.

Quick tip

Remember: During a National Emergency, Lok Sabha term can be extended one year at a time; not beyond six months after the emergency ends.

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Centre-State Relations & Emergency Provisions — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Centre-State Relations & Emergency Provisions, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers the distribution of legislative, administrative and financial powers between the Centre and the states, the Union, State and Concurrent Lists, inter-state councils and zonal councils, and the three types of emergency: national emergency (Article 352), President's rule (Article 356) and financial emergency (Article 360). Exams ask which list a subject falls in, which commission examined Centre-state relations (the Sarkaria and Punchhi Commissions), and how often each type of emergency has been declared. Remember that a financial emergency has never been declared in India, and that 'armed rebellion' replaced 'internal disturbance' as a ground for national emergency through the 44th Amendment. Practise the Centre-state relations and emergency provisions questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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