Railway
The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) was established in:
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Answer: Option C — May 1960
Detailed Solution
The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) was established on 7 May 1960. BRO celebrates this date as its Raising Day.
About the formation of BRO:
- It was set up under the "Border Roads Development Board" (BRDB), formed under the chairmanship of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, to develop roads in the remote border areas of north and north-east India.
- Its first projects were "Project Tusker" (in the north-east, later renamed "Project Vartak") and "Project Beacon" (in Jammu and Kashmir).
About BRO:
- It builds and maintains roads, bridges, tunnels, airfields and other infrastructure in the border areas of India and in friendly neighbouring countries such as Bhutan, Myanmar, Afghanistan and Tajikistan.
- Since 2015, it has been fully under the Ministry of Defence (it was earlier under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways).
- Its personnel include officers from the Army Corps of Engineers and members of the "General Reserve Engineer Force" (GREF).
- Its motto is "Shramena Sarvam Sadhyam" ("Everything is achievable through hard work").
- It is also called the "Lifeline of the Border Areas".
- It clears snow from high mountain passes and keeps roads open for the armed forces and local people.
Major achievements:
- Atal Tunnel (Rohtang, Himachal Pradesh): about 9.02 km, opened in 2020; the world's longest highway tunnel above 10,000 feet.
- Umling La road (Ladakh): at about 19,024 feet, it is recognised by the Guinness World Records as the world's highest motorable road (2021).
- Sela Tunnel (Arunachal Pradesh): opened in 2024.
- Dhola-Sadiya Bridge (Assam), the Darbuk-Shyok-Daulat Beg Oldi road (Ladakh) and many roads in the Char Dham project.
- Shinku La Tunnel (Himachal Pradesh-Ladakh): under construction; it will be the world's highest tunnel.
- Projects of BRO include Beacon, Himank (Ladakh), Vijayak, Deepak, Swastik (Sikkim), Vartak and Arunank (Arunachal Pradesh), and Dantak (Bhutan, its first international project, 1961).
Why not the other options?
- ✗August 1947 is when India became independent.
- ✗January 1950 is when the Constitution came into force.
- ✗October 1962 is when the India-China war began.
Quick tip
Remember: BRO = 7 May 1960 (under the Ministry of Defence since 2015; motto "Shramena Sarvam Sadhyam"; Atal Tunnel 2020; Umling La = world's highest motorable road; Project Dantak in Bhutan).
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