Part IVA of the Indian Constitution, which lists the Fundamental Duties, consists of a single Article. That Article is:

Part IVA of the Constitution consists of only one Article, Article 51A, which lists the Fundamental Duties of citizens.

How the duties were added:

• The original Constitution had no Fundamental Duties.
• They were inserted by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, during the internal emergency.
• Ten duties were added at that time.
• An eleventh duty, on providing opportunities for education to children aged 6 to 14, was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002.

Some of the duties listed in Article 51A:

• To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
• To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
• To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom.
• To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood, and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
• To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.

Source of the idea:

• The idea of duties was borrowed from the Constitution of the former USSR.
• Japan is also among the few democracies that list duties of citizens.

Nature of the duties:

• They are non-justiciable, which means no court can directly enforce them.
• They include both moral duties and civic duties.
• Courts can use them while judging whether a law is reasonable, and Parliament can make laws to enforce them.

Why not the other options?

• ✗Article 50 is a Directive Principle on separating the judiciary from the executive.
• ✗Article 51 is a Directive Principle on promoting international peace and security.
• ✗Article 52 begins Part V and says there shall be a President of India.