The Fundamental Duties listed in Article 51A apply only to:

The Fundamental Duties in Article 51A are addressed only to the citizens of India. They do not apply to foreigners.

The wording of the Article:

• Article 51A begins with the words "It shall be the duty of every citizen of India".
• So the duties are limited to citizens, unlike some Fundamental Rights that are available to all persons.

Contrast with Fundamental Rights:

• Some Fundamental Rights, such as equality before the law, protection of life and personal liberty, and freedom of religion, are available to all persons, including foreigners.
• Other rights, such as the six freedoms of Article 19 and the cultural and educational rights, are available only to citizens.
• Duties, on the other hand, are placed only on citizens.

Nature of the duties:

• They are non-justiciable, which means there is no direct legal penalty for not following them.
• Parliament can make laws to enforce particular duties, and courts may use them to judge the reasonableness of a law.
• Some duties are moral, such as cherishing the ideals of the freedom struggle.
• Others are civic, such as respecting the Constitution, the National Flag and the National Anthem.

Why only citizens:

• The duties relate to loyalty to the nation, its sovereignty, its culture and its Constitution.
• Such duties naturally fall on members of the political community, that is, citizens.
• Foreigners in India must still obey the ordinary laws of the land, even though the Fundamental Duties do not bind them.

Duty to educate children:

The duty to provide educational opportunities to a child aged 6 to 14 falls on parents and guardians who are citizens.

Why not the other options?

• ✗The duties are not limited to government servants.
• ✗They do not extend to foreigners or to all persons living in India.