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The Fundamental Duty to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India is contained in:
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Answer: Option A — Article 51A(c)
Detailed Solution
Clause (c) of Article 51A requires every citizen to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
Meaning of the duty:
- Sovereignty means that India is free from external control and makes its own decisions.
- Unity and integrity mean that India remains one nation, free from secession and separatism.
- Every citizen must avoid acts that weaken the country or encourage its break-up.
Link with the Preamble:
- The Preamble describes India as a sovereign nation and speaks of assuring the unity and integrity of the nation.
- The word "integrity" was added to the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, the same Act that added the Fundamental Duties.
Link with Fundamental Rights:
- Freedom of speech, assembly and association can be restricted in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India.
- This allows laws against speech or groups that promote secession.
Laws related to this duty:
- The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act deals with activities that threaten the sovereignty and integrity of India.
- Elected representatives and judges take an oath to uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India.
Other clauses of Article 51A:
- Clause (b) asks citizens to cherish the ideals of the freedom struggle.
- Clause (i) asks them to safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
- Clause (k), added in 2002, makes it a duty of parents or guardians to provide opportunities for education to their children aged 6 to 14.
Nature of the duty:
- It is non-justiciable, but it guides citizens and helps courts interpret laws.
- Good to know
- Clauses (b), (i) and (k) deal with the freedom struggle, public property and children's education, respectively.
Quick tip
Remember: Article 51A(c) = uphold sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
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DPSP & Fundamental Duties — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of DPSP & Fundamental Duties, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers the Directive Principles of State Policy in Part IV (Articles 36-51), borrowed from the Irish Constitution, and the Fundamental Duties in Part IV-A (Article 51A), added on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. Questions often ask which article contains a directive (Article 44 on a uniform civil code, Article 40 on village panchayats, Article 45 on early childhood care), how DPSP differ from Fundamental Rights (they cannot be enforced in court), and how many Fundamental Duties there are now (eleven, after the 86th Amendment added the eleventh in 2002). Practise the DPSP and Fundamental Duties questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.