SSC
Under which Directive Principle does the State aim to promote the welfare of the people by securing a social order in which social, economic and political justice informs all institutions of national life?
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Answer: Option C — Article 38
Detailed Solution
Article 38 directs the State to strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting, as effectively as it may, a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of national life.
Clause (2) of Article 38:
It was added by the 44th Amendment Act (1978).
It directs the State to strive to minimise inequalities in income, and to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only among individuals but also among groups of people living in different areas or engaged in different vocations.
Importance of Article 38:
- It expresses the idea of a "welfare state", which is the main aim of the Directive Principles.
- It reflects the ideal of justice in the Preamble.
- It is often regarded as the key provision that sums up the philosophy of the Directive Principles.
About the Directive Principles of State Policy:
- They are contained in Part IV of the Constitution.
- They are guidelines for the Central and State governments in making laws and policies.
- They are not enforceable by any court (non-justiciable), but they are fundamental in the governance of the country, and it is the duty of the State to apply them in making laws.
- The idea was borrowed from the Constitution of Ireland.
Dr. Ambedkar described them as a "novel feature" of the Indian Constitution.
Classification of the Directive Principles:
- Socialistic principles: aimed at social and economic justice and a welfare state.
- Gandhian principles: based on the ideas of Gandhi, such as village panchayats, cottage industries, prohibition and the protection of cows.
- Liberal-intellectual principles: based on liberal ideas, such as the protection of the environment and of monuments.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Article 36 defines "the State" for Part IV; Article 46 deals with the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections; Article 40 deals with village panchayats.
Quick tip
Remember: Article 38 = State to secure a social order based on social, economic and political justice (welfare state); clause (2) added by the 44th Amendment.
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DPSP & Fundamental Duties — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of DPSP & Fundamental Duties, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers the Directive Principles of State Policy in Part IV (Articles 36-51), borrowed from the Irish Constitution, and the Fundamental Duties in Part IV-A (Article 51A), added on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. Questions often ask which article contains a directive (Article 44 on a uniform civil code, Article 40 on village panchayats, Article 45 on early childhood care), how DPSP differ from Fundamental Rights (they cannot be enforced in court), and how many Fundamental Duties there are now (eleven, after the 86th Amendment added the eleventh in 2002). Practise the DPSP and Fundamental Duties questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.