In the Battle of Peshawar (1001 CE), Mahmud of Ghazni defeated which ruler of the Hindu Shahi dynasty?

In the Battle of Peshawar, fought on 27 November 1001 CE, Mahmud of Ghazni defeated Raja Jayapala, the ruler of the Hindu Shahi dynasty.

About the battle:

• It was one of Mahmud's first major campaigns in India.
• Jayapala's army included a large number of elephants, foot soldiers and cavalry.
• Mahmud's swift cavalry and mounted archers defeated the Shahi army.
• Jayapala was captured, along with members of his family, and was released after paying a large ransom.
• Feeling humiliated by his defeat, Jayapala handed over the throne to his son Anandapala and is said to have ended his life by entering a funeral pyre.

About the Hindu Shahi dynasty:

• The Hindu Shahis (also called the Kabul Shahis) ruled parts of eastern Afghanistan, the north-west frontier and Punjab from the 9th to the early 11th century.
• Their capital was Udabhandapura (Hund or Waihind), on the Indus.
• Earlier, they had their capital at Kabul.
• They had long resisted the Ghaznavids; Jayapala had earlier fought Mahmud's father, Sabuktigin, and lost.

Later rulers:

• Anandapala, son of Jayapala, formed an alliance with several Rajput rulers, but was defeated by Mahmud near Waihind in 1008-09.
• Trilochanapala and Bhimapala were the last rulers; the dynasty came to an end in about 1026.
• Al-Biruni praised the Shahi rulers for their noble qualities.

Results of Mahmud's victory:

• The defeat of the Hindu Shahis removed the main barrier against invasions from the north-west.
• It opened the way for Mahmud's later raids deep into India, and for the annexation of Punjab to the Ghaznavid empire.

About Mahmud of Ghazni:

• He ruled from 998 to 1030 CE.
• He led about 17 raids into India.
• He took the title of "Sultan".

Why not the other options?

• ✗Anandapala was Jayapala's son and successor.
• ✗Trilochanapala and Bhimapala were later rulers of the same dynasty.