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Question 78 of 93 · Early Medieval India & South Indian Kingdoms
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The Bahmani kingdom was founded in 1347 by Alauddin Hasan (Hasan Gangu), a noble who revolted against which Sultan of Delhi?

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Answer: Option B — Muhammad bin Tughlaq

Detailed Solution

The Bahmani kingdom was founded in 1347 by Alauddin Hasan (Hasan Gangu), one of the "amiran-i-sada" (centurions) who revolted against Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq in the Deccan.

Background:

  • Muhammad bin Tughlaq (ruled 1325-1351) had extended the Delhi Sultanate deep into the Deccan and south India.
  • His harsh measures and experiments led to rebellions in many parts of the empire.

In the Deccan, the "amiran-i-sada" (officers in charge of groups of a hundred villages), who were mostly foreign nobles, rebelled against the Sultan's officials, who were trying to collect revenue strictly and punish them.

The rebels captured Daulatabad.

The founding of the Bahmani kingdom:

  • The rebels chose Hasan Gangu (Zafar Khan) as their leader.
  • On 3 August 1347, he declared himself Sultan, taking the title "Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah".
  • The name "Bahmani" may come from his claim to descend from the legendary Persian king Bahman (Isfandiyar), or, according to a popular legend, from a Brahmana named Gangu who had been his master.
  • He made Gulbarga (renamed Ahsanabad) his capital.

His reign:

  • He ruled from 1347 to 1358.
  • He divided his kingdom into four provinces (tarafs): Gulbarga, Daulatabad, Berar and Bidar.
  • He fought against the Vijayanagara kingdom and the Hindu chiefs of the Deccan.

Results:

  • The founding of the Bahmani kingdom, along with the Vijayanagara empire (1336), ended Delhi's control over the Deccan and the south.
  • The rivalry between the Bahmanis and Vijayanagara, especially over the Raichur doab, dominated the history of the Deccan for nearly 150 years.

Other kingdoms that broke away from Muhammad bin Tughlaq:

  • Vijayanagara (1336).
  • The Madurai Sultanate (1335).
  • Bengal (independent under Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah).

Why not the other options?

  • ✗Alauddin Khalji, Firoz Shah Tughlaq and Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq were other Sultans.

Quick tip

Remember: Bahmani kingdom (1347) = Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah (Hasan Gangu), who revolted against Muhammad bin Tughlaq (amiran-i-sada); capital Gulbarga (Ahsanabad).

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Early Medieval India & South Indian Kingdoms — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Early Medieval India & South Indian Kingdoms, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers India from about the 7th to the 12th century: the Rajput dynasties, the tripartite struggle between the Palas, Pratiharas and Rashtrakutas, and the South Indian kingdoms of the Chalukyas, Pallavas, Cholas and Pandyas, along with the Sangam age and the temple architecture of the period. Questions often ask which dynasty built a temple (the Pallavas built the Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram, and Rajaraja Chola I built the Brihadeeswara Temple at Thanjavur), the capitals of dynasties, and the local self-government of the Cholas. Learning each dynasty with its capital, greatest ruler and one monument is the quickest way to answer these questions. Practise the early medieval India questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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