SSC
The founder of the Chandela Rajput state (in Bundelkhand) was:
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Answer: Option C — Nannuka
Detailed Solution
The Chandela dynasty, which ruled Bundelkhand (Jejakabhukti) in central India, was founded by Nannuka in the early 9th century CE (around 831 CE).
About the Chandelas:
- They ruled the region of Bundelkhand, in present-day Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, from the 9th to the 13th centuries.
- The region was then called "Jejakabhukti", after the Chandela ruler Jayashakti (Jeja).
- Their important centres were Khajuraho, Kalinjar, Mahoba and Ajaygarh.
- They were at first feudatories of the Gurjara-Pratiharas, and later became independent.
Important Chandela rulers:
- Nannuka: the founder.
- Yashovarman (about 925-950 CE): made the Chandelas powerful; he captured the fort of Kalinjar, and built the Lakshmana Temple at Khajuraho.
- Dhanga (about 950-1002 CE): declared independence from the Pratiharas; built several temples at Khajuraho.
- Paramardi (Parmal): fought against Prithviraj Chauhan and later against Qutbuddin Aibak, who captured Kalinjar in 1202-03.
The Khajuraho temples:
- The Chandelas built the famous temples at Khajuraho, in the Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh, between about 950 and 1050 CE.
- Of about 85 original temples, about 25 survive.
- They belong to Hinduism (Shaiva and Vaishnava) and Jainism.
- They are famous for their Nagara-style architecture and their beautiful sculptures.
- They were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986.
Legends:
- According to legend, the Chandelas were descended from the Moon god (Chandra) and Hemavati, the daughter of a Brahmana.
- The heroes Alha and Udal, famous in the folk ballads of Bundelkhand (the "Alha Khand"), were generals of the Chandela king Paramardi.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Yashovarman and Dhanga were later Chandela rulers.
- ✗Vidyadhara was a later Chandela ruler.
Quick tip
Remember: Chandela founder = Nannuka (about 831 CE; Bundelkhand/Jejakabhukti); Yashovarman = Lakshmana Temple; Khajuraho = UNESCO 1986; Alha-Udal = generals of Paramardi.
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Early Medieval India & South Indian Kingdoms — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Early Medieval India & South Indian Kingdoms, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers India from about the 7th to the 12th century: the Rajput dynasties, the tripartite struggle between the Palas, Pratiharas and Rashtrakutas, and the South Indian kingdoms of the Chalukyas, Pallavas, Cholas and Pandyas, along with the Sangam age and the temple architecture of the period. Questions often ask which dynasty built a temple (the Pallavas built the Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram, and Rajaraja Chola I built the Brihadeeswara Temple at Thanjavur), the capitals of dynasties, and the local self-government of the Cholas. Learning each dynasty with its capital, greatest ruler and one monument is the quickest way to answer these questions. Practise the early medieval India questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.