Question 52 of 93 · Early Medieval India & South Indian Kingdoms
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The Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar was built during the rule of the:

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Answer: Option D — Somavamshi dynasty

Detailed Solution

The Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar, Odisha, was built during the rule of the Somavamshi (Keshari) dynasty, in the 11th century CE, and was completed later.

About the Lingaraja Temple:

  • It is dedicated to Lord Shiva, as "Harihara" (a combined form of Shiva and Vishnu); the linga is worshipped as "Lingaraja" ("king of lingas").
  • It was built in the 11th century, traditionally attributed to the Somavamshi king Jajati Keshari (Yayati); some parts were added later by the Eastern Ganga kings.
  • It is the largest and most famous temple in Bhubaneswar.
  • Its main tower (deul) is about 55 metres (180 feet) high.
  • It is a fine example of the "Kalinga" style of temple architecture, a sub-style of the Nagara style.
  • The temple complex has about 150 smaller shrines.
  • Non-Hindus are not allowed inside the main temple; a viewing platform has been built outside.

The Kalinga style of temple architecture:

The temple has four main parts: the "deul" or "vimana" (sanctum with a tall curved tower, called "rekha deul"), the "jagamohana" (assembly hall with a pyramidal roof, called "pidha deul"), the "nata mandira" (dance hall) and the "bhoga mandapa" (hall of offerings).

The towers are richly carved.

Famous temples of Odisha:

  • Parashurameshvara Temple (7th century, Bhubaneswar): one of the earliest.
  • Rajarani Temple (11th century, Bhubaneswar): known for its carvings of women and the absence of a presiding deity.
  • Jagannath Temple, Puri (12th century): built by the Eastern Ganga king Anantavarman Chodaganga.
  • Sun Temple, Konark (13th century): built by the Eastern Ganga king Narasimhadeva I; a UNESCO World Heritage Site (1984).

Bhubaneswar:

It is called the "Temple City of India".

Why not the other options?

  • ✗The Eastern Ganga dynasty built the Jagannath and Konark temples.
  • ✗The Bhauma-Kara dynasty ruled Odisha earlier (8th-10th centuries) and supported Buddhism.
  • ✗The Gajapati dynasty ruled later (15th-16th centuries).

Quick tip

Remember: Lingaraja Temple (Bhubaneswar) = Somavamshi dynasty (Jajati Keshari, 11th century; Harihara; Kalinga style); Jagannath, Puri = Anantavarman Chodaganga; Konark = Narasimhadeva I.

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Early Medieval India & South Indian Kingdoms — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Early Medieval India & South Indian Kingdoms, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers India from about the 7th to the 12th century: the Rajput dynasties, the tripartite struggle between the Palas, Pratiharas and Rashtrakutas, and the South Indian kingdoms of the Chalukyas, Pallavas, Cholas and Pandyas, along with the Sangam age and the temple architecture of the period. Questions often ask which dynasty built a temple (the Pallavas built the Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram, and Rajaraja Chola I built the Brihadeeswara Temple at Thanjavur), the capitals of dynasties, and the local self-government of the Cholas. Learning each dynasty with its capital, greatest ruler and one monument is the quickest way to answer these questions. Practise the early medieval India questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.