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Question 9 of 10 · Economic Reforms & Foreign Trade
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The Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) was established in:

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Answer: Option B — 1972

Detailed Solution

The Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) was established in 1972.

About MPEDA:

  • It was set up on 24 August 1972 under the Marine Products Export Development Authority Act, 1972.
  • It is a statutory body under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
  • Its headquarters is in Kochi (Ernakulam), Kerala.
  • It has regional and sub-regional offices in coastal states and trade promotion offices abroad.

Its functions:

  • It promotes the export of marine products, such as shrimp, fish, squid and cuttlefish.
  • It registers exporters, processing plants and fishing vessels.
  • It fixes quality standards for marine products meant for export.
  • It supports aquaculture (fish farming), especially shrimp farming, by providing technical help and financial support.
  • It helps exporters take part in international trade fairs.
  • It runs the "Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture" (RGCA) as its research and development arm.

India's seafood exports:

  • India is one of the largest exporters of seafood in the world.
  • Frozen shrimp is the largest item, accounting for about two-thirds of the value of exports.
  • The USA and China are the largest buyers.
  • Andhra Pradesh is the leading state in aquaculture and shrimp production.
  • India is the second-largest fish producer in the world, after China.

Other fisheries bodies:

  • Department of Fisheries: under the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying (separate ministry since 2019).
  • Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY): launched in 2020 for the fisheries sector.
  • Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI): Kochi (1947).
  • Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT): Kochi.
  • National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB): Hyderabad (2006).
  • National Fish Farmers' Day: 10 July.

Other export promotion bodies:

  • Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA): 1985, New Delhi.
  • Spices Board: Kochi (1987).
  • Coffee Board: Bengaluru; Tea Board: Kolkata; Rubber Board: Kottayam.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗1962 is not linked to MPEDA.
  • ✗1986 is not linked to MPEDA.
  • ✗1991 is the year of India's economic reforms.

Quick tip

Remember: MPEDA = 1972 (Kochi; Ministry of Commerce; promotes seafood exports; frozen shrimp is the top item); APEDA = 1985; CMFRI = Kochi; Spices Board = Kochi; Rubber Board = Kottayam.

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