MAH LLB 3 Year CET 2 April Shift-2 2026
Given below are two statements; one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A):The NGT has jurisdiction over civil cases relating to environmental protection, forest conservation, and pollution control.Reason (R):The NGT can enforce criminal penalties under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 against polluters.In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)View answer ▾Hide ▴
Answer: Option C — (A) is correct but (R) is incorrect.
Detailed Solution
(A) is correct: Section 14 of the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 gives the NGT jurisdiction over civil cases involving substantial questions relating to the environment, including forest conservation and pollution laws.
(R) is incorrect: the NGT is a civil tribunal. It awards relief, compensation and restitution; it does not try offences or impose criminal punishment under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, which is the work of criminal courts.
✓ Check
The NGT Act itself describes the tribunal as dealing with "civil cases", which already rules out criminal trials under the BNS.⚠ Common trap
(A) is tempting because both statements sound environmental, but (R) wrongly gives the NGT criminal-court powers.Quick tip
NGT = civil environmental tribunal (NGT Act, 2010, Section 14). Criminal punishment under BNS belongs to criminal courts.
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Environmental Conventions, Laws & Organisations — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Environmental Conventions, Laws & Organisations, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers international environmental agreements, such as the Montreal Protocol, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement, the Ramsar Convention and the Convention on Biological Diversity, Indian environmental laws, and environmental organisations and movements such as the Chipko movement. Questions usually ask what an agreement deals with (the Montreal Protocol protects the ozone layer, and the Ramsar Convention protects wetlands), when India passed an environmental law (such as the Environment Protection Act 1986), and who led a movement (Sunderlal Bahuguna is associated with the Chipko movement). Climate summit outcomes change every year, so check current affairs. Practise the environmental conventions and laws questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.