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The Battle of Buxar, which established British power in Bengal, was fought in:

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Answer: Option A — 1764

Detailed Solution

The Battle of Buxar was fought on 22 October 1764 at Buxar, on the banks of the Ganga in present-day Bihar. The forces of the British East India Company, led by Major Hector Munro, defeated the combined armies of three Indian rulers: Mir Qasim, the deposed Nawab of Bengal; Shuja-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Awadh; and Shah Alam II, the Mughal emperor.

After the Battle of Plassey (1757), the Company had made Mir Jafar the Nawab of Bengal. In 1760, it replaced him with his son-in-law, Mir Qasim. Mir Qasim tried to rule independently: he moved his capital from Murshidabad to Munger, reorganised his army and objected to the Company's misuse of trade privileges (dastaks), which allowed its officials to trade without paying duties. War broke out in 1763, and Mir Qasim, defeated, fled to Awadh, where he formed an alliance with Shuja-ud-Daula and Shah Alam II.

The British victory at Buxar was more decisive than Plassey, because it defeated the combined power of the Mughal emperor and two major Nawabs. It made the Company the strongest power in northern India. By the Treaty of Allahabad (1765), signed by Robert Clive, Shah Alam II granted the Company the Diwani (the right to collect revenue) of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, in return for an annual payment of ₹26 lakh. Shuja-ud-Daula got back Awadh after paying a war indemnity of ₹50 lakh. The Company introduced the dual system of government in Bengal, which was ended by Warren Hastings in 1772.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗1757 is the year of the Battle of Plassey.
  • ✗1761 is the year of the Third Battle of Panipat.
  • ✗1765 is the year of the Treaty of Allahabad.

Quick tip

Remember: Buxar = 1764, Hector Munro versus Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daula and Shah Alam II; followed by the Treaty of Allahabad (1765) and the Diwani.

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Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers the arrival of the Portuguese, Dutch, English, Danes and French in India, the growth of the East India Company, and the battles, wars and treaties through which British power expanded, including the Battles of Plassey and Buxar, the Anglo-Mysore, Anglo-Maratha and Anglo-Sikh wars, and policies such as subsidiary alliance and the doctrine of lapse. Typical questions ask which battle was fought in which year and between whom, which treaty ended which war, and which Governor-General introduced a policy. For example, the Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought between Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daulah, and the Treaty of Allahabad (1765) gave the Company the diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Practise the arrival of Europeans and expansion of British rule questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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