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Who was the first president of the All India Kisan Sabha?
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Answer: Option C — Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
Detailed Solution
The All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) was founded on 11 April 1936 at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress. Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was elected its first president, and N. G. Ranga was its first general secretary.
About Swami Sahajanand Saraswati (1889-1950):
He was born in Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh, and became a sanyasi (monk).
He became the most important peasant leader of Bihar. In 1929, he founded the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (BPKS), which fought against the zamindari system and the exploitation of tenants by landlords.
He led the "Bakasht movement" (1937-39) in Bihar, in which tenants fought to get back land taken from them by zamindars.
He wrote books such as "Mera Jeevan Sangharsh" (My Life Struggle) and "Kisan Kya Karen".
About the All India Kisan Sabha:
It was the first all-India organisation of peasants. It was formed by leaders of the Congress Socialist Party, communists and peasant leaders.
In August 1936, it issued a "Kisan Manifesto" demanding the abolition of zamindari, a reduction of land revenue and rent by 50%, cancellation of debts, and the recognition of peasant unions.
The Congress adopted an agrarian programme at its Faizpur session (1936), the first Congress session held in a village, partly under its influence.
Its journal was "Indian Peasant", and other leaders included Indulal Yagnik, Ram Manohar Lohia, Jayaprakash Narayan, Acharya Narendra Dev and E. M. S. Namboodiripad.
Earlier peasant movements included the Champaran Satyagraha (1917), the Kheda Satyagraha (1918), the Eka movement and the Awadh Kisan Sabha (1920), founded by Baba Ramchandra and others, and the Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) led by Vallabhbhai Patel.
Why not the other options?
- ✗G. Ranga was the first general secretary of the AIKS.
- ✗Baba Ramchandra was a leader of the Awadh Kisan Sabha.
- ✗Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel led the Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) and earned the title "Sardar".
Quick tip
Remember: All India Kisan Sabha = Lucknow, 11 April 1936; president Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, general secretary N. G. Ranga; Bihar Kisan Sabha = 1929.
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Firsts in India & World — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Firsts in India & World, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers the first persons and events in India and the world: the first Indian to win a Nobel Prize, the first woman to hold major offices, the first to climb Everest or reach space, and India's first institutions, newspapers, railways and satellites. It also covers the largest, longest, highest and smallest records in India and the world. These are pure memory questions, so revise them as short lists by theme: first women, first in sports, first in science and space, and first in governance. Be careful with the exact wording, such as 'first Indian' versus 'first person of Indian origin', or 'first woman President' versus 'first woman Prime Minister', since options are often designed to exploit this. Practise the firsts in India and the world questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.