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Question 55 of 60 · Indian National Congress & Its Sessions
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At its Lucknow session, the All India Muslim League adopted the goal of 'self-government suitable to India' under the British Crown, bringing it closer to the Congress, in:

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Answer: Option C — 1913

Detailed Solution

At its session held at Lucknow in March 1913, the All India Muslim League adopted the goal of "the attainment of a system of self-government suitable to India" under the aegis of the British Crown.

Background:

  • The Muslim League was founded at Dacca in December 1906, mainly by Muslim landlords and nobles, such as the Aga Khan, Nawab Salimullah of Dacca and Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk.
  • At first, its aims were to promote loyalty to the British government and to protect the political rights of Muslims.
  • The Morley-Minto Reforms (1909) gave separate electorates to Muslims, which the League had demanded.

Why the League changed:

  • The annulment of the partition of Bengal (1911) disappointed many Muslims, who felt that the British had given in to Hindu agitation.
  • The British refusal to set up a Muslim university at Aligarh with the powers the Muslims wanted caused anger.
  • Britain's policy towards Turkey (the Ottoman Empire) during the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) and the Italian war in Libya hurt the religious feelings of Indian Muslims.
  • A new generation of young, educated Muslim leaders, such as Maulana Mohammad Ali, Hakim Ajmal Khan and Wazir Hasan, became more nationalist.

The 1913 session:

  • The League adopted the goal of self-government suitable to India, which was similar to the goal of the Congress.
  • This brought the League and the Congress closer together.
  • Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who was a Congress member, joined the Muslim League in 1913.

The Lucknow Pact (1916):

  • The Congress and the Muslim League held their sessions at Lucknow in December 1916, and signed the Lucknow Pact.
  • The Congress accepted separate electorates for Muslims, and the two parties put forward joint demands for constitutional reforms.
  • Tilak and Jinnah played important roles in bringing about the pact.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗1906 was the year the League was founded; 1909 was the year of the Morley-Minto Reforms; 1940 was the year of the Lahore Resolution.

Quick tip

Remember: Muslim League adopted self-government as its goal in 1913 (Lucknow); Jinnah joined the League in 1913; Lucknow Pact = 1916.

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Indian National Congress & Its Sessions — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Indian National Congress & Its Sessions, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by A. O. Hume, and its first session was held in Bombay under W. C. Bonnerjee. This topic covers the important Congress sessions and their presidents, the moderate and extremist phases, the Surat split, and the founding and role of the Muslim League. Questions commonly ask who presided over a session, where a session was held, or what was decided there. For example, the 1929 Lahore session under Jawaharlal Nehru adopted the goal of Purna Swaraj, and the 1931 Karachi session passed the resolution on Fundamental Rights. The first woman president of the Congress was Annie Besant (Calcutta, 1917). Practise the Indian National Congress questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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