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Question 44 of 60 · Indian National Congress & Its Sessions
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Following the Lahore session resolution, the Indian National Congress observed 26 January as 'Independence Day' (Purna Swaraj Day) for the first time in:

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Answer: Option B — 1930

Detailed Solution

Following the resolution on Purna Swaraj passed at its Lahore session in December 1929, the Indian National Congress observed 26 January 1930 as "Independence Day" all over India.

The Lahore session (December 1929):

  • It was presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru.
  • It passed the resolution declaring "Purna Swaraj" (complete independence) as the goal of the Congress, in place of dominion status.
  • It authorised the Working Committee to launch a programme of civil disobedience, including the non-payment of taxes.
  • It decided to boycott the Round Table Conference.
  • On the midnight of 31 December 1929, Nehru hoisted the tricolour flag on the banks of the river Ravi at Lahore.

How the day was observed:

  • Public meetings were held in villages and towns across the country.
  • The national flag was hoisted, and people took a pledge of independence.
  • The pledge, drafted by Gandhi, declared that it was the inalienable right of the Indian people to have freedom, and that the British government had ruined India economically, politically, culturally and spiritually.
  • It said that it was a "crime against man and God" to submit any longer to such rule.

NCERT on the pledge:

  • NCERT notes that the Congress resolved to observe 26 January as the Independence Day, when people were to take a pledge to struggle for complete independence.
  • It notes that the celebrations attracted very little attention, and that Gandhi then had to find a way to relate this abstract idea of freedom to more concrete issues of everyday life; this led to the salt march.

Later observance:

  • From 1930 until 1947, the Congress observed 26 January as Independence Day every year.
  • After Independence, the date was given lasting importance by the framers of the Constitution, and it is now celebrated as Republic Day.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗1929 was the year of the Lahore session; 1931 and 1947 are not correct.

Quick tip

Remember: Lahore session (December 1929, Nehru) = Purna Swaraj resolution; first "Independence Day" observed on 26 January 1930; 26 January is now Republic Day.

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Indian National Congress & Its Sessions — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Indian National Congress & Its Sessions, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by A. O. Hume, and its first session was held in Bombay under W. C. Bonnerjee. This topic covers the important Congress sessions and their presidents, the moderate and extremist phases, the Surat split, and the founding and role of the Muslim League. Questions commonly ask who presided over a session, where a session was held, or what was decided there. For example, the 1929 Lahore session under Jawaharlal Nehru adopted the goal of Purna Swaraj, and the 1931 Karachi session passed the resolution on Fundamental Rights. The first woman president of the Congress was Annie Besant (Calcutta, 1917). Practise the Indian National Congress questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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