Question 33 of 63 · Indus Valley Civilisation
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SSC

The Harappan site of Ropar (Rupnagar) in Punjab is situated on the banks of the river:

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Answer: Option C — Sutlej

Detailed Solution

Ropar, now called Rupnagar, is a Harappan site in Punjab, India, situated on the left bank of the Sutlej river, at the foothills of the Shivalik range.

About Ropar:

It was the first Harappan site to be excavated in independent India.

It was excavated by Y. D. Sharma of the Archaeological Survey of India in 1953-1955.

It shows a long sequence of cultures, from the Harappan period through the Painted Grey Ware culture, the Northern Black Polished Ware period, and later historical periods up to the medieval period.

Important finds:

  • Harappan pottery, seals, beads, terracotta objects and copper tools.
  • A burial in which a dog was buried below a human skeleton, which suggests a close relationship between humans and dogs; this practice is also known from Neolithic sites of Kashmir.
  • An oval pit burial.

Harappan sites in Punjab (India):

  • Ropar (Rupnagar district).
  • Sanghol (Fatehgarh Sahib district), which also has Kushana-period remains.
  • Dher Majra and Kotla Nihang Khan.

About the Sutlej river:

  • It rises from Rakshastal lake near Mount Kailash in Tibet, where it is called "Langqen Zangbo".
  • It enters India through the Shipki La pass in Himachal Pradesh.
  • The Bhakra Nangal Dam is built on the Sutlej.
  • It joins the Beas at Harike in Punjab, and then flows into Pakistan, where it joins the Chenab to form the Panjnad.
  • In the Rigveda, it was called "Shutudri".

Why not the other options?

  • ✗The Beas joins the Sutlej at Harike.
  • ✗The Ravi is the river of Harappa.
  • ✗The Ghaggar has many Harappan sites in Haryana and Rajasthan.

Quick tip

Remember: Ropar (Rupnagar) = Sutlej river, Punjab (first Harappan site excavated after independence, 1953-55, by Y. D. Sharma; dog buried with a human).

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Indus Valley Civilisation — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Indus Valley Civilisation, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

The Indus Valley (Harappan) Civilisation was one of the world's earliest urban civilisations, flourishing around 2500-1900 BCE. This topic covers its major sites, town planning, drainage, seals, script, trade, crafts, religious beliefs and the theories about its decline. Questions mostly link a site to its feature or its present-day location: the Great Bath at Mohenjo-daro, the dockyard at Lothal (Gujarat), the ploughed field at Kalibangan (Rajasthan) and the water reservoirs at Dholavira. Remember that Harappa was the first site excavated, by Daya Ram Sahni in 1921, and that the Harappan script has still not been deciphered. Practise the Indus Valley Civilisation questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.