The people of Mesopotamia (the Tigris-Euphrates valley) referred to the Indus Valley region as:

Mesopotamian texts refer to a land called "Meluhha", which most scholars identify with the region of the Indus Valley Civilisation.

About Meluhha in Mesopotamian texts:

• Mesopotamian inscriptions, written in cuneiform script on clay tablets, mention Meluhha from about 2350 BCE onwards.
• King Sargon of Akkad (about 2334-2279 BCE) boasted that ships from Meluhha, Magan and Dilmun were anchored at the quay of his capital, Agade.
• Texts mention products coming from Meluhha, such as carnelian, lapis lazuli, copper, gold, and varieties of wood.
• A Mesopotamian myth describes Meluhha as "the land of seafarers", and mentions a special bird, the "haja" bird, which some scholars think was the peacock.
• A cylinder seal belonging to "Shu-ilishu", an interpreter of the Meluhhan language, has been found, which suggests that people from Meluhha lived in Mesopotamia.
• Mention of Meluhha declines after about 1900 BCE, which coincides with the decline of the Harappan cities.

Other places mentioned:

• "Dilmun": usually identified with Bahrain (and nearby islands in the Persian Gulf).
• "Magan": usually identified with Oman.
• These places were links in the sea trade between the Indus region and Mesopotamia.

Evidence of trade:

• Harappan seals, beads and weights have been found in Mesopotamia.
• Round "Persian Gulf seals" have been found at Harappan sites, especially in Gujarat.
• Representations of ships and boats on seals and terracotta models show that the Harappans travelled by sea.

About Mesopotamia:

• It is the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, in present-day Iraq.
• It had the civilisations of Sumer, Akkad, Babylon and Assyria.
• It developed one of the earliest writing systems, cuneiform.

Why not the other options?

• ✗Dilmun is identified with Bahrain.
• ✗Magan is identified with Oman.
• ✗Sumer was a region of southern Mesopotamia itself.