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The Article which empowers the Supreme Court to exercise the jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law, in matters not covered by Articles 133 and 134, is:
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Answer: Option A — Article 135
Detailed Solution
Article 135 provides that until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter to which Articles 133 and 134 do not apply, if jurisdiction and powers in relation to that matter were exercisable by the Federal Court immediately before the commencement of the Constitution under any existing law.
Purpose of Article 135:
- It ensured continuity when the Federal Court was replaced by the Supreme Court in 1950.
- Any power the Federal Court had under existing laws passed to the Supreme Court, so that there was no gap in the judicial system.
About the Federal Court:
- The Federal Court of India was set up under the Government of India Act, 1935.
- It decided disputes between the Centre and the provinces, heard appeals from High Courts in constitutional matters, and gave advisory opinions.
- Appeals from the Federal Court went to the Privy Council in London.
- It sat in the Chamber of Princes in the Parliament House in Delhi.
Transition to the Supreme Court:
- The Supreme Court of India replaced the Federal Court and the Privy Council as the highest court of appeal.
- It began functioning on 28 January 1950.
- The Abolition of Privy Council Jurisdiction Act, 1949 ended appeals from Indian courts to the Privy Council.
Other related Articles:
- Article 133: appeals in civil matters.
- Article 134: appeals in criminal matters.
- Article 374: provisions about judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending before it, which were transferred to the Supreme Court.
- Article 395: repeal of the Indian Independence Act, 1947 and the Government of India Act, 1935.
- The judges of the Federal Court became the first judges of the Supreme Court.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Article 132 deals with appeals in constitutional matters.
- ✗Article 137 deals with review of judgments.
- ✗Article 395 repeals earlier Acts.
Quick tip
Remember: Article 135 = Supreme Court inherits the Federal Court's powers under existing law; Article 374 = transfer of judges and cases.
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Judiciary — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Judiciary, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers the Indian judiciary: the Supreme Court, High Courts and subordinate courts, the appointment and removal of judges, the collegium system, original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction, judicial review, public interest litigation, and bodies such as Lok Adalats and tribunals. Exams test the article that establishes the Supreme Court (Article 124), its advisory jurisdiction (Article 143), the power of High Courts to issue writs (Article 226), and the process for removing judges. Landmark judgments and the first holders of key judicial posts are also common, especially in law entrance exams such as CLAT and MAH LAW CET. Practise the judiciary questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.