The Patna High Court was established in:

The Patna High Court was established in 1916 for the province of Bihar and Orissa.

Background:

• Bihar and Orissa were part of the Bengal Presidency and were under the jurisdiction of the Calcutta High Court.
• In 1912, the province of Bihar and Orissa was separated from Bengal.
• A separate High Court was then created for the new province.

Formation:

• The Patna High Court was established by Letters Patent issued in 1916.
• The foundation stone of its building was laid in 1913 by the Viceroy, Lord Hardinge.
• The court began functioning on 3 February 1916, and was formally inaugurated on 1 March 1916.

Jurisdiction:

• It had jurisdiction over Bihar and Orissa.
• In 1936, Orissa became a separate province.
• A separate Orissa High Court was set up at Cuttack in 1948.
• After the creation of Jharkhand, a separate Jharkhand High Court was set up at Ranchi.
• Today, the Patna High Court has jurisdiction over Bihar only.

Building:

The Patna High Court building is an example of neo-classical architecture.

Notable judges:

Several judges of the Patna High Court later became judges and Chief Justices of the Supreme Court.

Chief Justice B.P. Sinha, who later became Chief Justice of India, had served in the Patna High Court.

High Courts in India:

• India's oldest High Courts were set up under the Indian High Courts Act, 1861, at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.
• Other High Courts were set up later in different provinces.

Why not the other options?

• ✗1884 does not match.
• ✗1912 is when Bihar and Orissa were separated from Bengal.
• ✗1936 is when Orissa became a separate province.