Railway
The salaries and allowances of Supreme Court judges are dealt with in:
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Answer: Option B — Article 125
Detailed Solution
Article 125 provides that the judges of the Supreme Court shall be paid such salaries as may be determined by Parliament by law, and until then, such salaries as are specified in the Second Schedule.
Main provisions of Article 125:
- Salaries of judges are determined by Parliament by law.
- Every judge is entitled to such privileges, allowances and rights in respect of leave of absence and pension as may be determined by law.
- These privileges, allowances and rights cannot be varied to the disadvantage of a judge after his appointment.
Charged on the Consolidated Fund:
- The salaries, allowances and pensions of Supreme Court judges are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.
- This means they are not voted on by Parliament, although they can be discussed.
- This protects the independence of the judiciary from the executive and the legislature.
Financial emergency:
During a Financial Emergency under Article 360, the President can direct a reduction in the salaries and allowances of judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
Current law:
- The Supreme Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Act, 1958 regulates their salaries and service conditions.
- It has been amended several times to revise salaries.
Independence of the judiciary:
Other provisions that protect judicial independence include security of tenure, a difficult removal procedure, a ban on practice after retirement, the power to punish for contempt, and the separation of the judiciary from the executive.
The conduct of judges cannot be discussed in Parliament except during a motion for removal.
Other Articles on the Supreme Court:
- Article 124: establishment and constitution.
- Article 127: appointment of ad hoc judges.
- Article 128: attendance of retired judges at sittings.
- Article 146: officers and servants of the Supreme Court and the expenses of the Court, which are also charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Article 124 establishes the Supreme Court.
- ✗Article 128 deals with retired judges.
- ✗Article 146 deals with officers and staff.
Quick tip
Remember: Article 125 = salaries of Supreme Court judges (fixed by Parliament, charged on the Consolidated Fund of India).
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Judiciary — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Judiciary, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers the Indian judiciary: the Supreme Court, High Courts and subordinate courts, the appointment and removal of judges, the collegium system, original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction, judicial review, public interest litigation, and bodies such as Lok Adalats and tribunals. Exams test the article that establishes the Supreme Court (Article 124), its advisory jurisdiction (Article 143), the power of High Courts to issue writs (Article 226), and the process for removing judges. Landmark judgments and the first holders of key judicial posts are also common, especially in law entrance exams such as CLAT and MAH LAW CET. Practise the judiciary questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.