SSC
Mumbai High, located in the Arabian Sea, is known for the production of:
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)View answer ▾Hide ▴
Answer: Option B — Mineral oil (petroleum)
Detailed Solution
Mumbai High (formerly called Bombay High) is an offshore oil field in the Arabian Sea, about 160-176 kilometres west of the coast of Mumbai. It was discovered in 1974 by a Russian-Indian team using the survey vessel "Sagar Samrat", and commercial production began in 1976. It is operated by the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).
Mumbai High was a turning point for India's oil industry. At its peak, in the 1980s, it produced more than half of India's crude oil. It is still India's largest oil-producing field, though its production has declined over time as the field matured. ONGC uses methods such as water injection and enhanced oil recovery to keep production going. Both crude oil and natural gas are produced there and brought to the mainland through undersea pipelines.
Petroleum (mineral oil) is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of tiny marine organisms that settled at the bottom of ancient seas, were buried under sediments and were changed by heat and pressure over millions of years. It is found trapped in sedimentary rocks, usually in anticlines (upfolds) and fault traps.
Important oil-producing regions of India:
- Offshore: Mumbai High and the Krishna-Godavari basin.
- Gujarat: Ankleshwar, Kalol and Cambay (Khambhat).
Assam: Digboi, Naharkatiya and Moran. Digboi is India's oldest oil field, where oil was found in 1889, and it has India's oldest working refinery (1901).
Rajasthan: the Barmer basin (Mangala field), developed by Cairn India (now Vedanta).
India meets only about 12-15% of its crude oil needs from domestic production and imports the rest, making it the world's third-largest consumer of oil. The Strategic Petroleum Reserves at Visakhapatnam, Mangaluru and Padur store crude oil for emergencies.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Coal is found mainly in the Gondwana fields of Jharkhand, Odisha and Chhattisgarh.
- ✗Iron ore is mined in Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Karnataka.
- ✗Uranium is mined at Jaduguda in Jharkhand and Tummalapalle in Andhra Pradesh.
Quick tip
Remember: Mumbai High = largest oil field (offshore, discovered 1974, ONGC); Digboi (Assam) = oldest oil field (1889) and refinery (1901); Barmer = Rajasthan oil; uranium = Jaduguda.
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Minerals & Energy Resources — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Minerals & Energy Resources, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers India's mineral resources (iron ore, manganese, bauxite, copper, mica and others) and energy resources (coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear power and renewable energy), with their main producing regions, mines, oil fields and power plants. Questions often ask where a mineral is found, which state is the leading producer, or where an important power plant or oil field is located. For example, Jharia is known for coal, Digboi in Assam is the oldest oil field in India, and Tarapur in Maharashtra is the site of India's first nuclear power plant. Practise the minerals and energy resources questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.