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Alamgir II was the Mughal emperor at the time of which battle?

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Answer: Option A — Battle of Plassey (1757)

Detailed Solution

Alamgir II (ruled 1754-1759) was the Mughal emperor at the time of the Battle of Plassey, fought on 23 June 1757.

About Alamgir II:

  • His original name was Aziz-ud-din; he was a son of Jahandar Shah (who ruled briefly in 1712-13).
  • He spent many years in prison before being placed on the throne by the powerful minister Imad-ul-Mulk in 1754.
  • He was a weak ruler, controlled by Imad-ul-Mulk.
  • During his reign, Ahmad Shah Abdali invaded India (1757) and plundered Delhi, Mathura and Agra.
  • He was murdered in 1759 on the orders of Imad-ul-Mulk.

The Battle of Plassey:

  • Plassey (Palashi) is a village on the Bhagirathi river, in the Nadia district of West Bengal.
  • The battle was fought between the English East India Company, led by Robert Clive, and the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daula.
  • Siraj-ud-Daula's commander-in-chief, Mir Jafar, and other nobles had secretly agreed with the English to betray the Nawab.
  • The Nawab's large army was defeated mainly because of this treachery.
  • Siraj-ud-Daula fled and was later captured and killed.
  • Mir Jafar was made Nawab of Bengal.

Significance:

  • The battle laid the foundation of British political power in India.
  • The Company obtained large sums of money and the zamindari of the 24 Parganas.

Mughal emperors in the 18th century:

  • Bahadur Shah I (1707-1712).
  • Jahandar Shah (1712-1713).
  • Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719).
  • Muhammad Shah (1719-1748): Nadir Shah's invasion (1739).
  • Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748-1754).
  • Alamgir II (1754-1759).
  • Shah Alam II (1759-1806).
  • Akbar II (1806-1837).
  • Bahadur Shah II (1837-1857): the last Mughal emperor.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗The First Battle of Panipat was in Babur's time.
  • ✗The Battle of Buxar was during Shah Alam II's reign.
  • ✗The Battle of Karnal was during Muhammad Shah's reign.

Quick tip

Remember: Alamgir II (1754-1759) = emperor at the time of Plassey (1757); placed on the throne and murdered by Imad-ul-Mulk; Plassey = Clive vs Siraj-ud-Daula (Mir Jafar's treachery).

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Mughal Empire — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Mughal Empire, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur in 1526 and reached its height under Akbar. This topic covers the Mughal emperors from Babur to Aurangzeb and the later Mughals, the Sur interlude under Sher Shah Suri, Mughal administration (the mansabdari and jagirdari systems), revenue systems, architecture, painting and literature. Common questions ask about important battles (Panipat, Khanwa, Haldighati), Akbar's policies such as Din-i-Ilahi and the abolition of the jizya, Sher Shah's reforms such as the rupiya coin and the Grand Trunk Road, and the builders of famous monuments. For example, Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal and the Red Fort in Delhi. Practise the Mughal Empire questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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