The Adil Shahi kingdom of Bijapur was annexed by Aurangzeb in the year:

The Adil Shahi kingdom of Bijapur was annexed by Aurangzeb in September 1686, after a long siege.

Background:

• Bijapur was one of the five Deccan Sultanates that emerged from the break-up of the Bahmani kingdom.
• In 1636, it had accepted Mughal overlordship under a treaty with Shah Jahan, but remained independent in practice.

Why Aurangzeb attacked Bijapur:

• Aurangzeb wanted to bring the Deccan under direct Mughal control.
• He suspected Bijapur of helping the Marathas, who were his main enemies in the Deccan.
• His son, Prince Akbar, had rebelled and taken refuge with the Maratha ruler Sambhaji, which made Aurangzeb determined to crush the Deccan powers.

The siege:

• Aurangzeb arrived in the Deccan in 1681-82 and directed the campaign.
• The siege of Bijapur began in 1685 and lasted about eighteen months.
• The city surrendered in September 1686 because of hunger and lack of supplies.
• The last ruler, Sikandar Adil Shah, was taken prisoner and given a pension; he died in 1700.

Results:

• Bijapur became a Mughal province.
• Its fall left the Marathas as the main power opposing the Mughals in the Deccan.

About Bijapur's monuments:

• The Gol Gumbaz: the tomb of Muhammad Adil Shah, famous for its huge dome and whispering gallery.
• The Ibrahim Rauza: the tomb of Ibrahim Adil Shah II, sometimes called the "Taj of the Deccan".
• The Bara Kaman, the Jama Masjid and the Malik-i-Maidan (a huge cannon).
• Ibrahim Adil Shah II was a great patron of music and art.

Why not the other options?

• ✗1656 was during Shah Jahan's reign.
• ✗1676 was before the final campaign.
• ✗1689 was the year Sambhaji was captured.