The cavalry tactic of outflanking and attacking the enemy from the sides and rear, used by Babur in his battles in India, was called:

"Tulughma" was a cavalry tactic used by Babur, in which the army was divided into units that outflanked the enemy and attacked from the sides and rear, encircling them.

How the tulughma worked:

• The army was divided into several parts: the left, right, centre, advance guard and reserve, with special flanking parties at the extreme ends of the wings.
• The flanking parties (tulughma) moved quickly around the sides of the enemy army and attacked it from the flanks and rear.
• At the same time, the centre held its position and attacked from the front.
• The enemy was thus surrounded and attacked from several sides at once, which caused confusion and panic.
• This tactic was borrowed from the Uzbeks and Mongols of Central Asia, who used mounted archers.

Babur's other tactic - the Rumi (Ottoman) method:

• Babur placed a line of carts (araba) tied together with ropes or chains of rawhide in front of his army.
• Between the carts, there were gaps and wooden screens (mantelets), behind which his gunners and matchlockmen stood.
• This protected his musketeers and artillery from the enemy's cavalry charges.
• It was called the "Rumi" or Ottoman device, as it was used by the Ottoman Turks.

Use in Babur's battles:

• Babur used both tactics in his first major battle in India and again at Khanwa.
• The combination of artillery fire from the front and cavalry attacks on the flanks was very effective.
• The Indian armies, which relied on elephants and massed infantry, were not prepared for these tactics.
• Babur's memoirs describe these tactics in detail.

Babur's gunners:

Ustad Ali Quli and Mustafa were famous gunners in Babur's army.

Why not the other options?

• ✗Chehra was the descriptive roll of soldiers.
• ✗Dagh was the branding of horses.
• ✗Chauth was a Maratha tax.