Defence
According to the regional division of the Himalayas by river valleys, the Kumaon Himalaya lies between the rivers:
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Answer: Option C — Sutlej and Kali
Detailed Solution
Based on the river valleys that cut across them, the Himalayas from west to east are divided into four regions. The Kumaon Himalaya is the section between the Sutlej river in the west and the Kali river in the east.
Regional divisions of the Himalayas (proposed by Sir Sidney Burrard):
Punjab Himalaya: between the Indus and the Sutlej, about 560 km long. It includes the Kashmir and Himachal Himalaya. Ranges include the Karakoram, Ladakh, Pir Panjal, Zanskar and Dhauladhar.
Kumaon Himalaya: between the Sutlej and the Kali, about 320 km long. It lies mainly in Uttarakhand, and includes both the Garhwal (western) and Kumaon (eastern) regions. Peaks include Nanda Devi, Kamet, Trisul, Badrinath, Kedarnath and Gangotri.
Nepal Himalaya: between the Kali and the Teesta, about 800 km long, the longest section. It includes the highest peaks of the world, such as Mount Everest, Kangchenjunga, Makalu, Dhaulagiri and Annapurna.
Assam Himalaya: between the Teesta and the Dihang (Brahmaputra), about 750 km long. It covers Sikkim, Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh. Peaks include Namcha Barwa (at its eastern end) and Kangto.
Features of the Kumaon Himalaya:
- Its highest peak is Nanda Devi (7,816 metres), the highest peak lying entirely within India.
- It contains the sources of the Ganga and Yamuna, at Gangotri and Yamunotri glaciers.
- It includes many hill stations, such as Mussoorie, Nainital, Almora and Ranikhet.
- The Nanda Devi National Park and the Valley of Flowers National Park, together a UNESCO World Heritage Site, lie here.
The Kali river:
The Kali (called the Sharda in the plains, and Mahakali in Nepal) forms the boundary between India (Uttarakhand) and Nepal.
Other divisions of the Himalayas:
From north to south, the Himalayas are divided into the Greater Himalaya (Himadri), the Lesser Himalaya (Himachal) and the Outer Himalaya (Shivaliks).
Why not the other options?
- ✗Indus and Sutlej bound the Punjab Himalaya.
- ✗Kali and Teesta bound the Nepal Himalaya.
- ✗Teesta and Dihang bound the Assam Himalaya.
Quick tip
Remember: Punjab (Indus-Sutlej), Kumaon (Sutlej-Kali), Nepal (Kali-Teesta), Assam (Teesta-Dihang) Himalaya.
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Physical Features of India — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Physical Features of India, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers India's location and extent, its neighbours and boundary lines, and its physiographic divisions: the Himalayas, the Northern Plains, the Peninsular Plateau, the Indian Desert, the coastal plains and the islands, along with important mountain passes, peaks and hill ranges. Questions often ask which states the Tropic of Cancer passes through, the southernmost point of India (Indira Point), the highest peak in India (Kangchenjunga), and which pass connects which regions. India shares its longest land border with Bangladesh. Learning the Himalayan ranges from north to south (Himadri, Himachal and Shiwaliks) is also useful. Practise the physical features of India questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.