SSC
The Indo-Greek king Menander (Milinda) set up his capital at:
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Answer: Option B — Sakala (Sialkot)
Detailed Solution
The Indo-Greek king Menander (Milinda) had his capital at Sakala, identified with present-day Sialkot, in Punjab, Pakistan.
About Menander:
- He was the most famous Indo-Greek king, who ruled in the 2nd century BCE (about 165-130 BCE).
- His kingdom extended over present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan and parts of north-western India.
- According to some sources, he led expeditions deep into India, perhaps reaching as far as Mathura and Pataliputra.
- He is known in Indian tradition as "Milinda".
Menander and Buddhism:
- He is famous for his conversations with the Buddhist monk Nagasena, which are recorded in the Pali text "Milindapanha" ("The Questions of Milinda").
- In these dialogues, Menander asks many philosophical questions about Buddhism, and Nagasena answers them with clever examples.
- According to tradition, Menander became a follower of Buddhism.
- After his death, his ashes are said to have been divided among several cities, which built stupas over them, like the Buddha's relics.
His coins:
- Many coins of Menander have been found over a wide area, from Kabul to Mathura.
- They show his portrait on one side, with Greek writing, and Kharosthi writing on the other.
- Some coins show the "wheel of dharma", which may indicate his interest in Buddhism.
About the Indo-Greeks:
- They were descendants of the Greeks who had settled in Bactria (north Afghanistan) after Alexander's invasion.
- They ruled parts of north-western India from about 180 BCE to the beginning of the Common Era.
- They were the first rulers in India to issue coins that carried the portraits and names of kings.
- They introduced Hellenistic elements in Indian art, which contributed to the development of the Gandhara school.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Taxila and Pushkalavati were other cities in the north-west.
- ✗Mathura was an important city of north India.
Quick tip
Remember: Menander (Milinda) = Indo-Greek king; capital Sakala (Sialkot); "Milindapanha" (dialogue with Nagasena); Indo-Greeks = first coins with kings' portraits and names.
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Post-Mauryan & Gupta Age — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Post-Mauryan & Gupta Age, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers the period after the Mauryas: the Shungas, Satavahanas, Indo-Greeks, Shakas and Kushanas, followed by the Gupta Empire, often called the classical age of India, and the reign of Harshavardhana. It includes art, literature, science and administration in these periods. Exams test the rulers and their achievements (Kanishka and the fourth Buddhist council, Samudragupta's Allahabad Pillar inscription, Chandragupta II and Fa-Hien), the Gandhara and Mathura schools of art, and Gupta scholars such as Kalidasa, Aryabhata and Varahamihira. Harsha's reign is usually tested with Hiuen Tsang and Nalanda University. Practise the post-Mauryan and Gupta age questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.