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The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) is located in:
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Answer: Option C — Pune
Detailed Solution
The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) is located in Pune, Maharashtra.
About the IITM:
- It was established on 17 November 1962 as the "Institute of Tropical Meteorology", as a part of the India Meteorological Department (IMD).
- It became an autonomous institute in 1971, and was renamed the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology.
- It works under the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India.
- It is a premier research centre for studying the tropical atmosphere and its interaction with the oceans, especially the Indian monsoon.
Its research areas include:
- Monsoon variability and prediction.
- Climate change and its impacts on India.
- Cloud physics and thunderstorms, including lightning.
- Air pollution and air quality.
- Ocean-atmosphere interactions.
Important work and facilities:
- It runs the "Centre for Climate Change Research" (CCCR), which prepared India's first national climate change assessment report (2020).
- It developed the "SAFAR" (System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research) network, which provides air quality forecasts for cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Pune and Ahmedabad.
It houses the high-performance computer "Pratyush" (2018), one of India's fastest supercomputers for weather and climate. A newer supercomputer, "Arka", was installed in 2024.
It contributes to the "Monsoon Mission", launched in 2012 by the MoES to improve monsoon forecasts.
It runs a "Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment" (CAIPEEX) to study cloud seeding.
It developed the "Damini" lightning warning app.
Other weather and climate institutions:
- India Meteorological Department (IMD): New Delhi; founded in 1875.
- National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF): Noida; it runs the supercomputer "Mihir" (2018).
- Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS): Hyderabad.
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR): Goa.
Other important institutions in Pune:
National Chemical Laboratory, National Institute of Virology, Film and Television Institute of India, Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (nearby) and the National Defence Academy (Khadakwasla).
Why not the other options?
- ✗New Delhi has the headquarters of the IMD.
- ✗Bengaluru has the ISRO headquarters.
- ✗Kolkata has the regional meteorological centre.
Quick tip
Remember: Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology = Pune (1962; autonomous 1971; MoES; monsoon research; SAFAR air quality; supercomputer "Pratyush"; "Damini" lightning app); IMD = New Delhi (1875); NCMRWF = Noida.
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Scientific Research Institutes & Organisations — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Scientific Research Institutes & Organisations, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers India's scientific research institutes and organisations, such as BARC, ISRO, DRDO, CSIR and its laboratories, ICAR and ICMR, and specialised research centres for crops, animals, oceans and medicine, along with where they are located. Questions usually ask where an institute is located and what it researches. For example, BARC is in Mumbai, the Central Rice Research Institute is in Cuttack, and the National Institute of Oceanography is in Goa. A table of institute, city and field is the best way to revise this topic. Practise the research institutes questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.