Defence
The Betwa river, a tributary of the Yamuna, rises in which hills?
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Answer: Option C — Vindhya Hills
Detailed Solution
The Betwa river rises in the Vindhya hills in the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh, not far from Bhopal. It flows north-east through Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh and joins the Yamuna near Hamirpur in Uttar Pradesh.
Key facts about the Betwa:
- Its ancient name is Vetravati, which is mentioned in the Mahabharata.
- Its length is about 590 km.
- It flows through the Bundelkhand region, which is known for drought and rocky terrain.
- Historic places on or near its banks include Vidisha, Sanchi (famous for its Buddhist stupa, near the river), Chanderi and Orchha (famous for its palaces and chhatris built by the Bundela rulers).
- Major dams and projects on the Betwa include the Rajghat Dam (a joint project of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh) and the Matatila Dam.
The Ken-Betwa Link Project, the first project under India's national river-linking plan, will transfer surplus water from the Ken to the Betwa basin. The Daudhan Dam on the Ken is part of it, and the project affects part of the Panna Tiger Reserve.
The Yamuna's southern tributaries:
The Yamuna receives several important tributaries from the south, which drain the northern part of the Malwa plateau and the Bundelkhand upland. These include the Chambal, the Sindh, the Betwa and the Ken.
Most of these rivers flow north-east, following the general slope of the land from the Vindhya ranges towards the Ganga plain.
About the Vindhya Range:
- The Vindhyas are an old, eroded range of hills running roughly east-west across central India, north of the Narmada valley.
- They separate northern India from the Deccan region.
Why not the other options?
The Satpura Range lies between the Narmada and Tapi valleys. Its highest peak is Dhupgarh (in the Mahadeo hills).
The Aravalli Range, one of the oldest fold mountains in the world, runs through Rajasthan. The Luni and Banas rise there.
The Maikal Range lies in eastern Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh; Amarkantak, the source of the Narmada, lies at its edge.
Quick tip
Remember: Betwa (ancient Vetravati) rises in the Vindhyas in Raisen (MP) and joins the Yamuna at Hamirpur; Orchha lies on it.
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Rivers, Lakes & Dams of India — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Rivers, Lakes & Dams of India, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers India's drainage system: the Himalayan rivers (the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra systems), the peninsular rivers (Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Narmada, Tapi and Mahanadi), their tributaries and origins, waterfalls, lakes, and the major dams and multipurpose river projects. Exams ask about the origin of a river, its tributaries, the cities on its banks, and the river on which a dam is built. For example, the Bhakra Nangal Dam is on the Sutlej, the Hirakud Dam on the Mahanadi, and the Sardar Sarovar Dam on the Narmada. Remember that the Narmada and Tapi flow west into the Arabian Sea, while most peninsular rivers flow east. Practise the rivers, lakes and dams of India questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.