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Question 71 of 84 · Socio-Religious Reform Movements
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Narayan Malhar Joshi, a follower of Gokhale, founded the 'Social Service League' in Bombay to improve the condition of the masses in:

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Answer: Option D — 1911

Detailed Solution

Narayan Malhar Joshi (N. M. Joshi) founded the Social Service League in Bombay in 1911.

About the Social Service League:

  • Its aim was to improve the condition of the masses, especially the working classes, by securing for them better and reasonable conditions of life and work.
  • It ran night schools, libraries, reading rooms, day nurseries and dispensaries for workers.
  • It organised cooperative credit societies, to free workers from moneylenders.
  • It provided relief during famines, epidemics and other disasters.
  • It organised boys' clubs, scouts, and gymnasiums.
  • It also promoted social reform and education.

About N. M. Joshi:

  • He was born on 5 June 1879 at Goregaon, in the Kolaba district of Maharashtra.
  • He was a member of the Servants of India Society founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
  • He is called the "father of the Indian trade union movement".

His role in the labour movement:

  • He was one of the founders of the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) in 1920, and served as its General Secretary for many years.
  • He represented Indian workers at the International Labour Conference in Geneva for many years.
  • He was a nominated member of the Central Legislative Assembly (1921-1947), representing labour.
  • He played an important role in the passing of labour laws, such as the Workmen's Compensation Act (1923), the Trade Unions Act (1926) and the Maternity Benefit Acts.
  • In 1929, when the AITUC split, he and other moderate leaders formed the Indian Trade Union Federation.

His approach:

  • He believed in peaceful, constitutional methods to improve the condition of workers, and avoided political extremism.
  • He died on 30 May 1955.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗1885, 1920 and 1936 were the years of other events.

Quick tip

Remember: Social Service League (Bombay, 1911) = N. M. Joshi ("father of the Indian trade union movement"; co-founder of AITUC, 1920; Servants of India Society member).

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Socio-Religious Reform Movements — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Socio-Religious Reform Movements, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

In the 19th century, reformers worked to remove social evils and revive Indian society. This topic covers organisations such as the Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, Prarthana Samaj, Ramakrishna Mission, Theosophical Society, Satyashodhak Samaj and the Aligarh Movement, along with their founders and the social reforms they achieved. Questions usually ask who founded an organisation and when, or which reformer is linked to a reform. For example, Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj and campaigned against sati, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar championed widow remarriage, and Jyotiba Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj. A table of organisation, founder, year and place covers most questions. Practise the socio-religious reform movements questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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