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Question 59 of 84 · Socio-Religious Reform Movements
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Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Vedanta College in Calcutta, which taught both Indian learning and Western sciences, in:

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Answer: Option D — 1825

Detailed Solution

Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Vedanta College in Calcutta in 1825.

About the Vedanta College:

  • It was set up to teach the Vedanta philosophy, which Ram Mohan Roy considered the true basis of Hinduism, emphasising monotheism.
  • At the same time, it also taught Western sciences and subjects, combining Indian and Western learning.
  • Ram Mohan Roy believed that Indians should learn both their own spiritual heritage and modern Western knowledge, such as mathematics, natural philosophy (science), chemistry and anatomy.

Ram Mohan Roy and education:

  • He believed that modern education was necessary for the progress of India.
  • In 1823, he wrote a famous letter to the Governor-General, Lord Amherst, protesting against the government's plan to set up a Sanskrit college that would teach only traditional subjects.
  • He argued that the government should promote "a more liberal and enlightened system of instruction, embracing mathematics, natural philosophy, chemistry, anatomy, with other useful sciences".
  • This letter is regarded as an important document in the history of Indian education, and as an early argument for modern education.
  • He supported the founding of other institutions for modern education in Calcutta.
  • He set up the Anglo-Hindu School (1822) in Calcutta, where English and modern subjects were taught free of charge.
  • He supported Alexander Duff in setting up the General Assembly's Institution (1830).

Significance:

  • Ram Mohan Roy is regarded as one of the pioneers of modern education in India.
  • His ideas influenced the later decision of the British government (1835) to promote English education.

About Ram Mohan Roy:

  • He was a scholar of many languages, a religious and social reformer, and a pioneer of Indian journalism.
  • He died at Bristol, England, on 27 September 1833.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗1803 was about the time of his first book; 1817 and 1833 relate to other events.

Quick tip

Remember: Vedanta College (Calcutta, 1825) = Ram Mohan Roy; his letter to Lord Amherst (1823) argued for modern Western education; Anglo-Hindu School (1822).

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Socio-Religious Reform Movements — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Socio-Religious Reform Movements, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

In the 19th century, reformers worked to remove social evils and revive Indian society. This topic covers organisations such as the Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, Prarthana Samaj, Ramakrishna Mission, Theosophical Society, Satyashodhak Samaj and the Aligarh Movement, along with their founders and the social reforms they achieved. Questions usually ask who founded an organisation and when, or which reformer is linked to a reform. For example, Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj and campaigned against sati, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar championed widow remarriage, and Jyotiba Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj. A table of organisation, founder, year and place covers most questions. Practise the socio-religious reform movements questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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