Railway
The English newspaper 'Bombay Chronicle', which became a leading nationalist daily under the editorship of B. G. Horniman, was started in 1910 by:
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Answer: Option C — Pherozeshah Mehta
Detailed Solution
The "Bombay Chronicle", an English daily newspaper, was started in Bombay in 1910 by Sir Pherozeshah Mehta, the Moderate leader, to give a nationalist voice to the people of Bombay.
About the Bombay Chronicle:
- It was started because the existing English newspapers of Bombay were mostly owned by the British and supported the government.
- Its most famous editor was Benjamin Guy Horniman, an Englishman who supported Indian nationalism.
- Under Horniman, it strongly criticised British policies and supported the Home Rule Movement and the Rowlatt Satyagraha.
- In 1919, after it criticised the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the martial law in Punjab, Horniman was deported from India.
- The paper continued to support the national movement, and was published until the 1950s.
About Pherozeshah Mehta:
- He was born on 4 August 1845 in Bombay, into a Parsi family.
- He studied law in England, and became a leading barrister of Bombay.
- He was called the "Lion of Bombay" and the "uncrowned king of Bombay".
- He played a major role in the Bombay Municipal Corporation, and is regarded as the "father of the Bombay Municipal Corporation"; the Bombay Municipal Act of 1872 was based on his ideas.
- He was one of the founders of the Bombay Presidency Association (1885).
- He was a founder member of the Indian National Congress, and presided over its Calcutta session (1890).
- He was a leading Moderate, and opposed the Extremists at the Surat session (1907).
- He was a member of the Bombay Legislative Council and the Imperial Legislative Council.
- He founded the Central Bank of India (1911), the first Indian-owned bank of its kind, with Sorabji Pochkhanawala.
- He was knighted in 1904.
About B. G. Horniman:
- He was a British journalist who supported Indian independence.
- He was also the vice-president of Annie Besant's Home Rule League.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Tilak, Naoroji and Gokhale were nationalist leaders, but they did not start the Bombay Chronicle.
Quick tip
Remember: "Bombay Chronicle" (1910) = Pherozeshah Mehta ("Lion of Bombay"); famous editor B. G. Horniman (deported in 1919).
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Swadeshi Movement & Early Nationalism — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Swadeshi Movement & Early Nationalism, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers the growth of Indian nationalism from the early 1900s to the First World War: the partition of Bengal in 1905, the Swadeshi and Boycott movement, the rise of extremist leaders such as Lal, Bal and Pal, the Surat split of 1907, and the Home Rule Leagues of Tilak and Annie Besant. Typical questions cover the year the partition of Bengal was announced and annulled (1905 and 1911), the slogans and leaders of the Swadeshi movement, and the founders of the two Home Rule Leagues (1916). Be clear about the difference between the moderates, who used petitions, and the extremists, who called for swaraj and mass action. Practise the Swadeshi movement and early nationalism questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.