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The English weekly 'New India', started in 1901 to spread nationalist ideas, was founded by:
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Answer: Option D — Bipin Chandra Pal
Detailed Solution
The English weekly "New India" was started in Calcutta in 1901 by Bipin Chandra Pal.
About "New India" (weekly):
- It was used by Bipin Chandra Pal to spread his ideas of nationalism, self-reliance and the spiritual regeneration of India.
- It criticised the "mendicant" (begging) politics of the Moderates, who only sent petitions to the British government.
- It promoted the idea that Indians should build their own institutions and rely on their own strength.
📌 Remember
A different newspaper of the same name, "New India" (a daily), was later run by Annie Besant in Madras from 1914.About Bipin Chandra Pal:
- He was born on 7 November 1858 at Poil, in the Sylhet district (now in Bangladesh).
- He was a teacher, journalist, writer and orator.
- He was a member of the Brahmo Samaj.
- He was one of the three leading Extremist leaders, along with Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai ("Lal-Bal-Pal").
- He was called the "Father of Revolutionary Thoughts" in India.
His role in the Swadeshi Movement:
- He was one of the main leaders of the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement in Bengal (1905).
- He toured India, giving powerful speeches on Swadeshi, boycott, national education and passive resistance.
- He was imprisoned for six months in 1907 for refusing to give evidence against Aurobindo Ghosh in a sedition case.
Other papers associated with him:
He also edited "Paridarshak" (Bengali) and "Swaraj" (in London).
Later life:
- He lived in England for some time.
- He opposed Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement, and withdrew from active politics.
- He died on 20 May 1932.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Tilak edited "Kesari" and "Mahratta"; Aurobindo edited "Bande Mataram"; Lajpat Rai wrote "Young India" and other works.
Quick tip
Remember: "New India" (English weekly, 1901) = Bipin Chandra Pal (Pal of Lal-Bal-Pal; "Father of Revolutionary Thoughts"); Annie Besant's "New India" was a later daily.
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Swadeshi Movement & Early Nationalism — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Swadeshi Movement & Early Nationalism, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers the growth of Indian nationalism from the early 1900s to the First World War: the partition of Bengal in 1905, the Swadeshi and Boycott movement, the rise of extremist leaders such as Lal, Bal and Pal, the Surat split of 1907, and the Home Rule Leagues of Tilak and Annie Besant. Typical questions cover the year the partition of Bengal was announced and annulled (1905 and 1911), the slogans and leaders of the Swadeshi movement, and the founders of the two Home Rule Leagues (1916). Be clear about the difference between the moderates, who used petitions, and the extremists, who called for swaraj and mass action. Practise the Swadeshi movement and early nationalism questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.