Defence
The weekly 'Voice of India', which reprinted articles from Indian newspapers so that the British public could know Indian opinion, was started in 1883 by:
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Answer: Option B — Dadabhai Naoroji
Detailed Solution
"Voice of India" was started in Bombay in 1883 by Dadabhai Naoroji, with the help of Behramji Malabari.
About the "Voice of India":
- It was a weekly paper that collected and reprinted important articles and opinions from Indian newspapers in different languages, translated into English.
- Its aim was to present Indian public opinion to British officials and the British public.
- It was later merged with the "Indian Spectator", edited by Behramji Malabari.
About Behramji Malabari:
- He was a Parsi journalist, poet and social reformer of Bombay.
- He campaigned against child marriage and for the remarriage of widows.
- His campaign led to the passing of the Age of Consent Act of 1891, which raised the age of consent for girls from 10 to 12 years.
About Dadabhai Naoroji:
- He was born on 4 September 1825 in Bombay, into a Parsi family.
- He was called the "Grand Old Man of India".
- He was the first Indian to be a professor at the Elphinstone College, Bombay.
- He presented the "drain theory", explaining how British rule drained the wealth of India to Britain; his book "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India" (1901) presented this idea.
- He was one of the founders of the Indian National Congress, and served as its President three times (1886, 1893 and 1906).
- At the Calcutta session of 1906, he declared "swaraj" as the goal of the Congress.
- He was elected to the British House of Commons in 1892, from Central Finsbury, as a Liberal; he was the first Asian to be elected there.
- He also started the Gujarati fortnightly "Rast Goftar" (1851).
- He died on 30 June 1917.
Other journals for British opinion:
"India", a journal published in London from 1890 by the British Committee of the Indian National Congress.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Pherozeshah Mehta, Gokhale and Tyabji were other leaders of Bombay, but they did not start "Voice of India".
Quick tip
Remember: "Voice of India" (1883) = Dadabhai Naoroji (with Behramji Malabari); "Rast Goftar" (1851); drain theory; "Grand Old Man of India".
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Swadeshi Movement & Early Nationalism — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Swadeshi Movement & Early Nationalism, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers the growth of Indian nationalism from the early 1900s to the First World War: the partition of Bengal in 1905, the Swadeshi and Boycott movement, the rise of extremist leaders such as Lal, Bal and Pal, the Surat split of 1907, and the Home Rule Leagues of Tilak and Annie Besant. Typical questions cover the year the partition of Bengal was announced and annulled (1905 and 1911), the slogans and leaders of the Swadeshi movement, and the founders of the two Home Rule Leagues (1916). Be clear about the difference between the moderates, who used petitions, and the extremists, who called for swaraj and mass action. Practise the Swadeshi movement and early nationalism questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.