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Question 11 of 12 · Swadeshi Movement & Early Nationalism
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Which leader called Bal Gangadhar Tilak 'the maker of modern India'?

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Answer: Option C — Mahatma Gandhi

Detailed Solution

Mahatma Gandhi called Bal Gangadhar Tilak "the maker of modern India".

Gandhi's tribute:

  • Tilak died on 1 August 1920, the day the Non-Cooperation Movement was launched.
  • Paying tribute to him, Gandhi called him "the maker of modern India".
  • Nehru described him as "the father of the Indian revolution".

About Bal Gangadhar Tilak:

  • He was born on 23 July 1856 at Ratnagiri, in Maharashtra.
  • He was a mathematics teacher, scholar, journalist and leader of the national movement.
  • He was one of the founders of the Deccan Education Society (1884) and the Fergusson College, Pune.
  • He started two newspapers: "Kesari" (in Marathi) and "Mahratta" (in English).
  • He was the leading Extremist leader in the Congress, along with Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal ("Lal-Bal-Pal").
  • He was called "Lokmanya" ("accepted by the people as their leader").
  • The British called him "the father of Indian unrest" (Valentine Chirol).

His work:

  • He used religious festivals to build national feeling: he popularised the public celebration of Ganesh Chaturthi (1893) and started the Shivaji festival (1895).
  • He supported the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement.
  • He was imprisoned several times for sedition: in 1897 (18 months) and in 1908, when he was sentenced to six years in Mandalay jail (Burma).
  • In Mandalay jail, he wrote "Gita Rahasya", a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita.
  • He also wrote "The Arctic Home in the Vedas" and "The Orion".
  • He founded the Home Rule League (April 1916) in Maharashtra.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗Nehru called him "the father of the Indian revolution".
  • ✗Gokhale and Lajpat Rai did not give him this title.

Quick tip

Remember: Tilak = "maker of modern India" (Gandhi), "father of Indian unrest" (Valentine Chirol), "father of the Indian revolution" (Nehru); "Lokmanya"; "Gita Rahasya" in Mandalay jail.

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Swadeshi Movement & Early Nationalism — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Swadeshi Movement & Early Nationalism, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers the growth of Indian nationalism from the early 1900s to the First World War: the partition of Bengal in 1905, the Swadeshi and Boycott movement, the rise of extremist leaders such as Lal, Bal and Pal, the Surat split of 1907, and the Home Rule Leagues of Tilak and Annie Besant. Typical questions cover the year the partition of Bengal was announced and annulled (1905 and 1911), the slogans and leaders of the Swadeshi movement, and the founders of the two Home Rule Leagues (1916). Be clear about the difference between the moderates, who used petitions, and the extremists, who called for swaraj and mass action. Practise the Swadeshi movement and early nationalism questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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