SSC
The ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science (IISS), established in 1988, is located in:
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Answer: Option D — Bhopal
Detailed Solution
The ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science (IISS) is located in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. It was established in 1988.
About the IISS:
- It works under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
- It is the main national institute for basic and strategic research on soil science.
- Its research covers soil health, soil fertility, plant nutrition, soil biology, soil physics, soil chemistry and soil pollution.
- It studies the efficient use of fertilisers, organic farming, conservation agriculture, and the effects of climate change on soils.
- It develops technologies such as soil test-based fertiliser recommendations and "soil health" monitoring.
- It coordinates research through several All India Coordinated Research Projects, for example on soil test crop response, micronutrients and long-term fertiliser experiments.
About soil health in India:
The "Soil Health Card" scheme was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 19 February 2015 at Suratgarh, Rajasthan. It gives farmers a card that shows the nutrient status of their soil and recommends the right fertilisers.
5 December is observed as "World Soil Day" (declared by the UN and FAO; first observed in 2014).
The UN declared 2015 the "International Year of Soils".
Main soils of India:
- Alluvial soil: the most widespread; found in the northern plains.
- Black soil (regur): good for cotton; found in the Deccan plateau.
- Red and yellow soil: found in parts of the Deccan, Odisha and Chhattisgarh.
- Laterite soil: found in areas with heavy rainfall, such as Kerala and Karnataka.
- Arid (desert) soil: found in Rajasthan.
- Saline and alkaline soils, forest soils and peaty soils.
Other soil-related institutes:
- National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP): Nagpur; it prepares soil maps.
- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI): Karnal.
- Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation: Dehradun.
- Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI): Jodhpur.
About Bhopal:
- It is the capital of Madhya Pradesh and is called the "City of Lakes".
- It also has the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM) and the Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Nagpur has the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning.
- ✗Karnal has the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute.
- ✗Jodhpur has the Central Arid Zone Research Institute.
Quick tip
Remember: Indian Institute of Soil Science = Bhopal (ICAR, 1988); Soil Health Card = 19 February 2015, Suratgarh; World Soil Day = 5 December; soil survey bureau = Nagpur; soil salinity institute = Karnal.
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This question tests your understanding of Agriculture in India, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers agriculture in India: cropping seasons (kharif, rabi and zaid), major food and cash crops and their leading producer states, irrigation, the Green, White, Blue and other agricultural revolutions, and allied activities such as animal husbandry and fisheries. Questions usually ask which crop belongs to which season, which state is the largest producer of a crop, and which revolution relates to which product. For example, the White Revolution relates to milk and was led by Verghese Kurien, and the Blue Revolution relates to fisheries. Producer rankings can change from year to year, so check the latest data for those questions. Practise the agriculture in India questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.