Defence
'Chaitanya Charitamrita', the famous Bengali biography of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, was written by:
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Answer: Option C — Krishnadas Kaviraj
Detailed Solution
"Chaitanya Charitamrita", the famous biography of the Vaishnava saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, was written in Bengali (with many Sanskrit verses) by Krishnadas Kaviraj, around the late 16th century.
About the Chaitanya Charitamrita:
It describes the life, teachings and devotional practices of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486-1534).
It is divided into three parts:
- "Adi-lila": his early life in Nabadwip.
- "Madhya-lila": his travels across India and pilgrimages.
- "Antya-lila": his last years at Puri.
- It explains the theology of Gaudiya Vaishnavism, including the philosophy of "achintya bhedabheda" (inconceivable oneness and difference) and the importance of devotion (bhakti) to Krishna.
- It is regarded as one of the most important works of Bengali literature and of the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition.
About Krishnadas Kaviraj:
- He was born in the Burdwan district of Bengal, in the early 16th century.
- He was a disciple of the six Goswamis of Vrindavan, especially Raghunatha Dasa Goswami.
- He wrote the Chaitanya Charitamrita at Vrindavan, in his old age.
About Chaitanya Mahaprabhu:
- He was born in 1486 at Nabadwip (Nadia), in Bengal.
- He spread devotion to Krishna through "sankirtan" (group singing and dancing of God's name).
- He spent his last years at Puri, Odisha.
- He is regarded as an avatar of Krishna (with Radha) by his followers.
Other biographies of Chaitanya:
- "Chaitanya Bhagavata": by Vrindavan Das, the earliest Bengali biography.
- "Chaitanya Mangal": by Lochan Das and by Jayananda.
- "Chaitanya Chandrodaya": a Sanskrit play by Kavi Karnapura.
The six Goswamis of Vrindavan:
Rupa Goswami, Sanatana Goswami, Jiva Goswami, Gopala Bhatta Goswami, Raghunatha Bhatta Goswami and Raghunatha Dasa Goswami; they wrote works on Gaudiya Vaishnava theology.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Vrindavan Das wrote the Chaitanya Bhagavata.
- ✗Jayananda wrote a Chaitanya Mangal.
- ✗Rupa Goswami wrote theological works.
Quick tip
Remember: Chaitanya Charitamrita = Krishnadas Kaviraj (Adi, Madhya, Antya lila); Chaitanya Bhagavata = Vrindavan Das; Chaitanya born 1486 at Nabadwip.
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Books & Authors — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Books & Authors, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers famous books and their authors, including ancient Indian texts, works of the freedom struggle, classic and modern literature, autobiographies of famous people, and recently published books by well-known personalities. Questions usually name a book and ask for its author, or the other way round. Ancient and historical books, such as Arthashastra (Kautilya), Indica (Megasthenes) and Gitanjali (Rabindranath Tagore), are tested most often. Autobiographies are another favourite, so learn titles such as 'My Experiments with Truth' (Mahatma Gandhi) and 'Wings of Fire' (A. P. J. Abdul Kalam). Practise the books and authors questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.