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The 13th-century text 'Lekhapaddhati', from Gujarat, is a collection of model forms (templates) for:

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Answer: Option B — Legal and administrative documents

Detailed Solution

The "Lekhapaddhati" ("Method of Writing Documents") is a 13th-century Sanskrit text from Gujarat, which contains model forms (templates) for writing legal and administrative documents.

About the Lekhapaddhati:

  • It was compiled in Gujarat, during the period of the Chaulukya (Solanki) and Vaghela rulers, around the 13th century (some parts may be from the 15th century).
  • It contains about 100 model documents, used as examples by scribes (karanikas) and officials.

Types of documents included:

  • Royal grants of land and villages.
  • Orders and appointments of officials.
  • Treaties between kings and feudatories.
  • Contracts of sale, mortgage and loan.
  • Agreements for hiring servants and labourers, including slaves.
  • Marriage agreements and dowry documents.
  • Letters and receipts.

Its importance for historians:

  • It gives valuable information about the administration, economy, trade, law and society of medieval Gujarat.
  • It shows details of land revenue, taxes, the rights of peasants, the role of merchants and moneylenders, and conditions of labour.
  • It also contains documents relating to the sale of slaves, which shows that slavery existed in medieval Gujarat.
  • It shows the language and style of official documents of the time.

Other sources on medieval Gujarat:

  • Jain texts, such as the "Prabandha Chintamani" of Merutunga.
  • Inscriptions of the Chaulukya and Vaghela rulers.
  • The accounts of foreign travellers.

Similar texts:

Works on letter-writing and documents were also written in Persian under the Sultanate and the Mughals (insha literature).

About the Chaulukyas (Solankis) of Gujarat:

  • They ruled Gujarat from the 10th to the 13th century, with their capital at Anahilavada (Patan).
  • They built the Modhera Sun temple and the Rani ki Vav.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗Temple architecture, music and medicine were the subjects of other texts.

Quick tip

Remember: Lekhapaddhati = 13th-century Gujarat text of model legal and administrative documents (land grants, sales, loans, slave sales); a source on Chaulukya-Vaghela society.

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Books & Authors — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Books & Authors, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers famous books and their authors, including ancient Indian texts, works of the freedom struggle, classic and modern literature, autobiographies of famous people, and recently published books by well-known personalities. Questions usually name a book and ask for its author, or the other way round. Ancient and historical books, such as Arthashastra (Kautilya), Indica (Megasthenes) and Gitanjali (Rabindranath Tagore), are tested most often. Autobiographies are another favourite, so learn titles such as 'My Experiments with Truth' (Mahatma Gandhi) and 'Wings of Fire' (A. P. J. Abdul Kalam). Practise the books and authors questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.