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Under the Regulating Act of 1773, the Supreme Court was established at:
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Answer: Option B — Calcutta
Detailed Solution
The Regulating Act of 1773 was the first important step taken by the British Parliament to control and regulate the affairs of the East India Company in India. It was passed during the time of the British Prime Minister Lord North, after reports of corruption and mismanagement by Company officials and the Company's financial troubles following the Bengal famine of 1770.
The Act made several major changes:
It made the Governor of Bengal the Governor-General of Bengal, with a council of four members. Warren Hastings became the first Governor-General of Bengal.
It placed the Governors of the Bombay and Madras Presidencies under the Governor-General of Bengal.
It provided for a Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William in Calcutta, with a Chief Justice and three other judges. The court was set up in 1774, and Sir Elijah Impey was its first Chief Justice.
It barred Company servants from private trade and from accepting presents or bribes.
It required the Court of Directors of the Company to report on its revenue, civil and military affairs in India to the British government.
The Act was the beginning of central administration in India. Its weaknesses, such as the conflicts between the Governor-General and his council and between the Supreme Court and the council, led to the Act of Settlement of 1781 and Pitt's India Act of 1784.
The Supreme Court at Calcutta was later replaced by the Calcutta High Court under the Indian High Courts Act of 1861. The present Supreme Court of India was set up on 28 January 1950.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Bombay and Madras got Supreme Courts later, in 1823 and 1801 respectively.
- ✗Delhi became the capital only in 1911 and had no Supreme Court under this Act.
Quick tip
Remember: Regulating Act 1773 = first Governor-General of Bengal (Warren Hastings), Supreme Court at Calcutta (1774) and Chief Justice Elijah Impey.
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British Acts & Policies — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of British Acts & Policies, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers the constitutional and administrative acts passed during British rule, from the Regulating Act of 1773 and Pitt's India Act of 1784 to the Charter Acts, the Indian Councils Acts, the Government of India Acts of 1919 and 1935, and the Indian Independence Act of 1947, along with British economic, land revenue and education policies. Exam questions usually ask what a particular act introduced: the Indian Councils Act 1909 introduced separate electorates for Muslims, the Government of India Act 1919 brought dyarchy to the provinces, and the 1935 Act provided for a federation and provincial autonomy. Land revenue systems (Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari and Mahalwari) and education milestones such as Wood's Despatch (1854) are also tested. Practise the British acts and policies questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.