Railway
The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) was established in:
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Answer: Option A — 1988
Detailed Solution
The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) was set up in 1988 under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
About the NCDRC:
- It is a quasi-judicial body that resolves consumer disputes at the national level.
- It is located in New Delhi.
- It is headed by a President, who is a retired judge of the Supreme Court (or a retired Chief Justice of a High Court), and has other members.
- It hears complaints where the value of goods or services paid as consideration exceeds 2 crore rupees (under the Consumer Protection Rules, 2021).
- It also hears appeals against orders of the State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissions.
- Appeals against its orders go to the Supreme Court.
The three-tier consumer dispute system:
- District Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission: cases up to 50 lakh rupees.
- State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission: cases above 50 lakh rupees and up to 2 crore rupees.
- National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission: cases above 2 crore rupees.
- (These limits were revised in 2021; earlier they were 1 crore and 10 crore rupees under the 2019 Act.)
About consumer protection laws in India:
The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 was India's first comprehensive consumer protection law. It was called the "Magna Carta" of consumer rights in India.
It was replaced by the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, which came into force on 20 July 2020.
The 2019 Act introduced:
The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA), set up in 2020, to regulate unfair trade practices, misleading advertisements and violations of consumer rights. It can impose penalties on endorsers of misleading ads.
Provisions for e-commerce and product liability.
E-filing of complaints and mediation.
Consumer rights under the law:
The right to safety, to be informed, to choose, to be heard, to seek redressal, and to consumer education.
Related days:
National Consumer Day: 24 December (the day the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 was signed).
World Consumer Rights Day: 15 March (inspired by a speech by US President John F. Kennedy in 1962).
The National Consumer Helpline (number 1915) helps consumers with complaints.
Why not the other options?
- ✗1976 is not related to the NCDRC.
- ✗1986 is the year the Consumer Protection Act was passed.
- ✗2019 is the year the new Consumer Protection Act was passed.
Quick tip
Remember: NCDRC = 1988 (under the Consumer Protection Act 1986; New Delhi; headed by a retired SC judge); new Act = 2019 (in force 20 July 2020; CCPA); National Consumer Day = 24 December; World Consumer Rights Day = 15 March.
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Constitutional & Statutory Bodies — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Constitutional & Statutory Bodies, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers bodies set up under the Constitution, such as the Election Commission, UPSC, Finance Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General and the national commissions for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, and statutory or executive bodies such as NITI Aayog, the NHRC, the CVC, the CBI and Lokpal. Questions often ask whether a body is constitutional or not, which article creates it, who appoints its head and for how long. For example, the CAG is appointed under Article 148, the Finance Commission under Article 280, and NITI Aayog replaced the Planning Commission in 2015 by an executive resolution. Practise the constitutional and statutory bodies questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.