SSC
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was founded in:
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Answer: Option A — 1988
Detailed Solution
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was founded in 1988.
About the IPCC:
- It was set up by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and its creation was endorsed by the UN General Assembly in 1988.
- Its secretariat is in Geneva, Switzerland.
- It is the UN body for assessing the science related to climate change.
It does not carry out its own research. Instead, thousands of scientists from around the world review and assess the latest published research on climate change.
It provides policymakers with regular scientific assessments of climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation.
It has 195 member countries.
Its work is organised in three Working Groups: Working Group I (the physical science basis), Working Group II (impacts, adaptation and vulnerability) and Working Group III (mitigation of climate change), plus a Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
Assessment Reports:
- It has published six Assessment Reports so far: AR1 (1990), AR2 (1995), AR3 (2001), AR4 (2007), AR5 (2013-14) and AR6 (2021-2023).
- Its First Assessment Report (1990) helped create the UN climate convention (1992).
- AR6 concluded that it is "unequivocal" that human influence has warmed the atmosphere, oceans and land.
- Its "Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 degrees Celsius" (2018) showed the benefits of limiting warming to 1.5 degrees rather than 2 degrees.
- The Seventh Assessment Cycle (AR7) began in 2023.
Recognition:
In 2007, the IPCC shared the Nobel Peace Prize with former US Vice-President Al Gore "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change".
Indian connection:
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Pachauri, an Indian scientist, was the Chairman of the IPCC from 2002 to 2015, and he received the Nobel Prize on its behalf in 2007.
Its current Chair (since 2023) is Jim Skea of the United Kingdom.
Why not the other options?
- ✗1972 is the year of the Stockholm Conference and UNEP.
- ✗1992 is the year of the Earth Summit and the UNFCCC.
- ✗1997 is the year of the Kyoto Protocol.
Quick tip
Remember: IPCC = 1988 (set up by WMO and UNEP; Geneva; six Assessment Reports, AR6 2021-23; Nobel Peace 2007 with Al Gore; R. K. Pachauri chaired 2002-15); UNFCCC = 1992; Kyoto = 1997.
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Environmental Conventions, Laws & Organisations — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Environmental Conventions, Laws & Organisations, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers international environmental agreements, such as the Montreal Protocol, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement, the Ramsar Convention and the Convention on Biological Diversity, Indian environmental laws, and environmental organisations and movements such as the Chipko movement. Questions usually ask what an agreement deals with (the Montreal Protocol protects the ozone layer, and the Ramsar Convention protects wetlands), when India passed an environmental law (such as the Environment Protection Act 1986), and who led a movement (Sunderlal Bahuguna is associated with the Chipko movement). Climate summit outcomes change every year, so check current affairs. Practise the environmental conventions and laws questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.