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Question 19 of 73 · Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule
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After the Seven Years' War, the French possessions in India were restored to France by the Treaty of Paris in the year:

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Answer: Option C — 1763

Detailed Solution

The Treaty of Paris, signed in February 1763, ended the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) between Britain and France (and their allies), and restored the French trading settlements in India to France, but without the right to fortify them or keep troops.

The Seven Years' War in India (the Third Carnatic War):

  • The Seven Years' War was a global war fought in Europe, North America, India and elsewhere.
  • In India, it took the form of the Third Carnatic War (1756-1763) between the English and the French.
  • The French, under Count de Lally, attacked the English in the Carnatic.
  • The decisive battle was fought at Wandiwash (Vandavasi, in present-day Tamil Nadu) in January 1760, where the English won.
  • The English then captured Pondicherry, the main French settlement, in 1761.
  • The French were left with almost nothing in India.

Terms of the Treaty of Paris (as they affected India):

  • Pondicherry, Chandernagore, Mahe, Karaikal and other French trading posts were returned to France.
  • However, the French could only use them for trade; they could not build fortifications or maintain armies there.
  • The French recognised the English candidates as rulers in the Carnatic and the Deccan.

Results:

  • The treaty marked the end of French political ambitions in India.
  • The English East India Company became the dominant European power in India.
  • Elsewhere, Britain gained Canada and other territories from France.

Why the French lost:

  • The French East India Company was controlled by the French government and was less well-financed than the English company.
  • The English had a stronger navy.
  • The English controlled Bengal, a rich province, after their victory at Plassey (1757).

Other treaties:

  • Treaty of Pondicherry (1754-55): ended the Second Carnatic War.
  • Treaty of Versailles (1783): returned French settlements again after the American War of Independence.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗1748 and 1783 were the years of other treaties.
  • ✗1757 was the year of the Battle of Plassey.

Quick tip

Remember: Treaty of Paris (1763) ended the Seven Years' War (Third Carnatic War); French settlements returned but not to be fortified; Wandiwash (1760); Pondicherry taken (1761).

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Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers the arrival of the Portuguese, Dutch, English, Danes and French in India, the growth of the East India Company, and the battles, wars and treaties through which British power expanded, including the Battles of Plassey and Buxar, the Anglo-Mysore, Anglo-Maratha and Anglo-Sikh wars, and policies such as subsidiary alliance and the doctrine of lapse. Typical questions ask which battle was fought in which year and between whom, which treaty ended which war, and which Governor-General introduced a policy. For example, the Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought between Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daulah, and the Treaty of Allahabad (1765) gave the Company the diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Practise the arrival of Europeans and expansion of British rule questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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